Informative Valentines Day Speech Outline

(Name) Topic: The history and a few different traditions of Valentine’s Day General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my speech class of the benefits of moderate indoor tanning. Thesis Statement: There is actually a fascinating history behind Valentine’s Day, which I will tell you about today along with some insight to how different countries celebrate this day of love. INTRODUCTION All of us have someone special in our lives. Whether it is a significant other, friends, or family, we all have someone, often many people, whom we love. But how often do we remember to really express the love we feel for these people?Good thing there’s a whole day devoted to love, so, at least once a year, we get the chance to tell these people how much we love and appreciate our relationships with them. That day of course is Valentine’s Day. A day for romance and splurging on gifts such as flowers, chocolates, jewelry, and those cute little teddy bears with the f luffy hearts reading â€Å"Be Mine. † Valentine’s Day in the U. S. has also become a day when merchandisers can count on making a few quick bucks, leading most to believe that this horrifically commercialized holiday was invented by the candy, jewelry, and card companies.On the contrary, there is actually a fascinating history behind Valentine’s Day, which I will tell you about today, along with some insight to how some different countries celebrate this day of love. BODY I. History a. St. Valentine i. Catholic church recognizes at least 3 different saints named Valentine or Valentinus ii. Martyred for marrying young men and women when it was outlawed by Emperor Claudius iii. St. Valentine was martyred for trying to help Christians escape from Roman prisons iv.Legend of first written valentine by St. Valentine 1. Jailor’s daughter b. First Valentine’s Day cards II. Different countries and some unique traditions followed today a. Similar to U. S. i. Australia ii. Canada iii. France b. Different than U. S. i. Wales 1. Welsh Valentine’s Day – St. Dwynwen’s Day 2. Love Spoons ii. Scotland 1. Cards sent anonymously 2. Game at parties 3. Valentine Date Search iii. Finland 1. Ystavanpaiva iv. Denmark 1. â€Å"Snowdrops† 2. Lover’s Cards . Gaekkebrev v. Japan 1. Valentine’s Day 2. White Day CONCLUSION Here are a few things to remember. Valentine’s Day was actually deemed a holiday by Pope Gelasius, not Hallmark, Hershey’s or Kay Jewelers. Regardless of the accuracy behind the legends of St. Valentine, they are all great, romantic stories about a man giving his life for what he believed in. Though there are countries where customs do not differ much from our own, there are many traditions followed around the world that are very different.When the next Valentine’s Day approaches, just remember, the Welsh women will be looking forward to some fancy spoons. Singles in Scotlan d will be wondering which party their crush will be at so that they can go to the same one and hopefully draw their name. The Finnish will be looking forward to spending time with their best friends. Danish women will be thinking really hard to win an Easter egg. And if you want to continue to receive gifts on Valentine’s Day, do not move to Japan. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Understanding the Creative Media Sector

Understanding the Creative Media Sector. Assignment 4 unit 7 Nolan Benson ? Nolan Seth Benson Assignment 4 Unit 7 CONTENTS PAGE Page 1&2 – INTRODUCTION Page 3&4 – PRO’S AND CON’S OF FREELANCING Page 5&6 – IMPORTANCE OF NETWORKING Page 7&8 – VARIETY OF EMPLOYMENT ROLES Page 9&10 – OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION Page 10&11 – CONCLUSION&BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION When you make a conscious decision to study and work towards something educationally, you have to know exactly what you want and where you want to go after the course, and what you will gain from the course.Obviously when you start you have goals to work towards, so when it all comes together there is no better feeling. Knowing what you want is vital when choosing a career path, so putting in lots and lots of research will defiantly benefit you in the long run. When it comes to making a decision about your career path always keep yourself in mind and remember that you will hav e to make some sacrifices when it comes to getting your dream job. Our generation, the youth of today has been brought up in a false culture when instant ratification plays a major role in our day-to-day lives. Technology is always moving on and up to better things making us, and our world a more sophisticated place to live in. When it comes to employment opportunities, the world is your oyster. Especially living in England, we have connections all over the world so broadening your horizons will always benefit you in the long run, by the end of this report we should be able to understand exactly what opportunities and where will come your way when becoming a broadcast journalist.We will consider the types of potential positions you could work in when working towards your final destination, I mean there is no fun in just getting to the top of your field without working hard in all different areas before. It’s highly unlikely that you will be able to jump right into what you wa nt to do. You must take into consideration all the different things you will have to do and learn in order to acquire the skills that you will need to become a top broadcast journalist.Starting from the bottom and making your way to the top is ideal by the end of this report we will find out exactly how to start at the bottom, make contact’s and connection that will ultimately help you in getting to the top. We will also have an in-depth look into all the places where people advertise for jobs and roles in the broadcast and journalism fields. We will look online especially because everything is going digital, but we will also have a look into what magazines and newspapers advertise for this sector.We will also have a look at the importance of making good friends and acquaintances in the industry that can ultimately help you to elevate yourself above the rest of the competition and get you to your end goal. The importance of personal growth is not only a key factor in the broa dcast and journalism sectors, but also in life itself. So when an opportunity comes around for you to gain knowledge and an understanding of your sector, grabbing it with both hands is really important. Make mistakes as you go, but make sure you never make the same mistake twice. Also actively seeking workshops or courses that will enhance your knowledge is key.So don’t be lazy, be proactive! PRO’S AND CON’S OF FREELANCING PRO’S One of the pros of freelancing in the media industry is the fact that your working hours can be really flexible, this flexibility is great because it often means that you get to choose what hours you work, especially when working from home. This cuts down the time and money you spend commuting to and from work every day. Often when you get freelance work in the media industry it’s got to be in on a certain deadline, this gives you the option to manage your time the way you want to spend it.If you're a night owl, you can spe nd your day working on other projects, hobbies or simply enjoying the ‘free time', with evenings spent working. Alternatively, if you wish to cram in lots of work into a 3-day week, it's your prerogative as long as you meet your deadline and deliver quality work. However if you find that you aren’t really motivated when you are at home and can’t find the time to put in quality work under your own systems, then you seriously have to recognise and realise because handing in work of a poor quality will only tarnish your name and your reputation.If you manage to become an established media freelancer people will trust you with work they need done. Getting to this point will take years and years of hard work and dedication but once you are established you will never find yourself without something to do. As a result of becoming established you get to choose exactly what work you want to do so if you particularly enjoy doing one aspect of film for example, you may be l ucky enough to earn a steady income just doing that. But if you get bored there is always an opportunity to do some other medium of work.CON’S As a freelancer, especially if you are still up and coming and not established and well known, your work and income for the month may not always be guaranteed. One major consideration you have to take in as a freelancer is weather you’ll be able to secure enough work to meet your financial needs. You might find that you will have to build up a portfolio of clientele, or if you are contracting yourself out to media companies there could well be dry spells when you don’t have work coming in and when you are looking for new work to go into.So if you are considering freelancing, then it would be a good idea to either take on some part-time work while you build your portfolio of clientele, or you could save a little bit from each job as a contingency plan for when the work becomes scarce. You should also defiantly keep yoursel f in the loop when it comes to the world you are living in, recessions and economic slowdown can hit freelancers and contractors really badly. As a freelancer, unless you have your own accountant, you’ll have to take care of your own bookkeeping duties and tax affairs.Weather you’ve set yourself up as a sole trader or a limited company, you’ll need to be up-to-date and precise when it comes to your tax affairs because you could be audited at any given time. PRO/CON You are your own boss! Becoming your own boss defiantly has its plus sides. For example, if you choose to take a week off on holiday, you don’t have to ask anyone else. There is no set start time for you to get to work, and there is no clock watching, waiting for the end of the day to arrive. You and only you reap the rewards and praise for your work, and you don’t have to share the profits with anybody else.However, having no boss to make sure you are working can also have its downsides . For one, you will be liable for your reputation and any problems that arise. Your reputation, once dented, may take a long time to recover if you have networked extensively. There will be no one to share the load when the going gets tough, and you will have to deal with all your clients and their problems by yourself. Nevertheless, all of the above are hypothetical scenarios, and the chances are that if you are dedicated, passionate, motivated and punctual, then you will be able to make a success of yourself and your career when freelancing in the industry.IMPORTANCE OF NETWORKING Why is networking so important within the industry? Incorrect networking could mean disaster when it comes to trying to progress in your chosen career. Networking done improperly could tarnish your name and your reputation within the industry. But done properly it is a key that will unlock many doors on the path towards making a well-respected name for yourself in the industry. I’m going to give y ou five points on why networking and meeting new people is key to progressing in your chosen career path. 1.Networking is a really successful way to meet contacts that you would previously had no way of meeting or contacting. Meeting a prospective client face to face at a networking event or meeting is by far the best and most reliable and successful way to go about fixing up a business meeting with that person. If a physical and personal relationship is established before you pick up the phone or swop business cards and information – your chances of doing successful business together with that person probably tripled then if you had just cold called them. 2. Do not forget that everyone you network with has somebody else that they know.Although your immediate group is extremely important, everyone that they know is as well. Your referral circle is widened greatly by joining a group of networking contacts. 3. If you do a good job for your customer and that said customer decide s to recommend and refer you and your services to four of their colleagues, friends and family-that’s great. However if you’re part of a big networking group that meets once a month, and only ten-twenty members tell somebody they know about you and your business already your exposure has more than doubled. This is great because this gets more people aware and talking about you and what you can offer.By growing the right network, the ultimate in â€Å"Word of mouth† marketing takes place. You promote your network, and your network ultimately promotes you. 4. It’s like having your own management team on standby. Businesses need to be prepared for all types of eventualities, especially in a recession. Unfortunately in a tough economic climate anything can happen and instead of having to rely on people and business that you don’t know in hard times – if you network strategically then you should have a selected group of people at your fingertips that you can call upon, if and when, you need support or elp. 5. If you are a small business or a just getting started in the industry you may feel that a networking group could bring to much business, workload that you might not be able to handle right now, due to being busy or understaffed etc. fear not though, networking provides you with a key to business –choice, its not like you are forced to do accept every piece of work that comes your way, instead you have the luxury of picking and choosing which customers and which work suits you and your schedule.Sometimes if businesses are desperate for work then they are forced to take on anything that comes their way, even if it does mean working for less money. If there is a choice of clientele, then you maybe able to pick and choose whom you do business with. This gives you the ultimate freedom to work with people that will benefit your business and that will bring out the best in your work. VARIETY OF EMPLOYMENT ROLES (Broadc ast Journalist) What can you expect and do in the job?Broadcast journalism is the collection, verification and analysis of information about key events, which affect society and the people within society, the publication of information in a fair, accurate, impartial and balanced way to fulfil the publics right to know in a democratic society. This contains and involves a wide variety of media including radio, television the Internet and wireless devices. Broadcasting journalists involved with working in the television industry work in a number of different roles and genres, these include; news, current affairs, or documentaries.Broadcasting companies may also employ them, or they could work on a freelance basis. The role of a Broadcast Journalist is to turn information into pictures and sound, reporting and producing live and/or recorded packages as well as researching, preparing and reading bulletins. You will be responsible for generating content from a wide range of subjects. You will be encouraging new contributors and developing their ideas as well as your own. You are likely to be working as part of a team, generating your own stories and bringing on board new ideas. ?You will be initiating and producing a wide range of news and current affairs material nd will be expected to carry out in-depth research to a broad brief, write material for programme scripts, bulletins etc and at all times exercise excellent editorial judgement and adhere to legal and good practice guidelines. ?You may carry out interviews and reporting duties, in both recorded and live situations, in a studio or perhaps on location. You can expect to be involved in originating and developing programme ideas to support forward planning of material and future programmes and provide briefings for reporters, camera crews and other resources staff and contributors.?You will need to operate broadcast equipment: in radio, portable recording equipment, self-operating outside broadcasting vehicle s and studio equipment in television, to direct camera crews on pre-recorded and live coverage, to oversee editing and operate gallery equipment.? You may be responsible for programme budgets, ensuring effective use of money and resources, supervise the work of Broadcast Assistants and most certainly, as a Broadcast Journalist you would need to develop and maintain local and perhaps national contacts and fulfill a public relations role. ww. startintv. com How to start and where you can go with it? Broadcast journalists should have successfully completed a degree in broadcast journalism, multi-media, TV or online journalism to name but a few. Everybody’s path is always different, but keeping opportunities open and available is key to getting the correct qualifications. IT and word processing qualifications are also required. Broadcast journalists obviously start their careers either as a runner or an assistant to an executive.Other starting points could be as a researcher or a newsroom assistant, progression to becoming an on screen reporter, special correspondent, news presenters, and bulletin or programme editor will always be available if you are prepared to put in the hours as an assistant or researcher, becoming fluent in all these aspects will only serve to benefit you down the line. As a broadcast journalist you may also move into programme production or management roles, or become journalists, newspaper reporters or writers.Some broadcast journalists may also start their careers working as newspaper or other print press journalists. The opportunity for career progression as broadcast journalist is ever growing, jobs are available across a range of functions, requiring different skills, knowledge and experience. Initially, a recognized journalistic qualification or substantial practical experience (3years+) is a good starting point. A special interest, for example, in sport, entertainment, fashion, arts etc, with a good general knowledge of curren t affairs would defiantly support your career as a broadcast journalist.OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION Professional Documentation/Portfolio In this fast paced an ever-changing world we live in the need for you to advertise yourself and your work as a business is vital in progressing to any higher statues you may want to achieve. The need for professional documentation is vital for prospective businesses and employers you hope to work for. Presenting yourself in a professional manner is important because the person looking you up for a job, the first thing he/she will look at is your c. v. , on your c. v. s everything about you and your career interests, if this is not professional people will not take you seriously. Having a website that can also show your work to prospective clientele is also a key factor is securing yourself a regular income doing what you love, the internet can offer people information almost instantly, this is great because companies will be trolling the web lookin g for the relevant people. So if your website is professional and portrays professional work done by yourself, consider it a key step in the right direction for you career.Also every time you do business with somebody make sure he/she is satisfied and satisfied enough to the point that they will write a good reference about you and what you do for future clients to see. These references are extremely important because they offer justification about what you can do to future business partners. Also keeping all the work you have ever done in a portfolio will only set you in good stead in the future with prospective employers and business partners. Another important thing to keep in mind when becoming a broadcast journalist is to be ever learning and experiencing new things.If you are constantly gaining recognised skills and qualifications it will only benefit you and your career in a positive way, being ahead of your competition at all times will set you in good stead when working to becoming the best in what you do. Gaining skills will always put you one step ahead of the rest. So do as many courses as you can in as many different areas as you can. They key to life is education so constantly education yourself will only allow people to understand and take you more seriously, and hopefully the people you are trying to reach will listen.Maintaining professional behaviour and conduct at all times will only benefit you and your career. No body likes a smart arsed know it all, rather give yourself and your employers and colleagues 100% satisfaction by not rocking up to work late, being punctual will only help to progress your career, obviously if there was one position left and you and one other person had applied, if you have respect and your attendance, punctuality, commitment are all on point and his aren’t then just by maintaining professional behaviour you will get the promotion over the slacker any day.Being professional is vital; saying the wrong thing at the wrong time can cost you your job and your reputation in this industry. Its cut throat and the situations you may find yourself in are high pressure, so if you take care of the small things like being smart, arriving on time and having good manners, for example, the big things will take care of themselves. CONCLUSIONBroadcast journalists can expect a long and invigorating career, provided they constantly work at progressing and learning as much as possible, if you are prepared to put in the long hours for a small story then you can do nothing but progress into high positions of power. Becoming a sought after, well-respected individual will only help you to make a successful career for yourself as a journalist. To become a broadcast journalist, you should have: †¢excellent communication and ‘people’ skills †¢good listening and questioning skills †¢empathy and tact †¢good writing and research skills confidence and a clear speaking voice †¢p ersistence and motivation †¢calmness under pressure and the ability to meet tight deadlines †¢a creative approach with the ability to ‘think on your feet’ when necessary †¢an understanding of what makes a good news story †¢a high degree of accuracy and attention to detail the ability to work on your own initiative and also as part of a team. BIBLIOGRAPHY www. acareerchange. co. uk www. careers. guardian. co. uk www. bni. eu/regional-news www. startintv. com/jobs/broadcast www. nationalcareersservice. direct. gov. uk/advice

A report which describes a business scenario which will benefit from Essay

A report which describes a business scenario which will benefit from investment in the web - Essay Example The application of eCommerce facilitates a business for collection of data, analysing customer base and nature of industry, electronic fund transfer, supply chain and inventory management, online transactions as well as sales and marketing activities very swiftly. The system also allows consumers from any corner of the global village to derive benefits arising out of the products and services introduced by the company applying eCommerce in its business. In this paper, application of eCommerce will be incorporated to a real business in order to monitor how the business can be benefitted from increasing utilization of internet based, web-facing information technology system. For the purpose of analysis, a hypothetical company â€Å"XL Learning Solutions† has been selected for evaluating how the company’s business standards transform through application of web, more specifically eCommerce in its business process. XL Learning Solutions is a famous tutorial and private educational institution situated at Southampton, United Kingdom. The tutorial is run by a group of 5 eminent professors of the city and is well known for its application oriented learning approaches. Apart from dealing with educational curriculum, it also strives to enhance behavioural skills and personality development lessons in order to ensure overall development of the students. Basic technical skills such as application MS Office and other relevant software are also trained in order to enable the students to have a fundamental idea on computer applications so that the students’ foundation of knowledge can be strengthened. The tutorial is so popular in the city that its wide ranged student base has been generated only through referral system, without any promotional activities or any other efforts from the management of the organization. However, the management is noticing since long that many students from other part s of the country are longing to take services provided by

ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

ETHICS - Essay Example Ethics or doing what is right is expressed in the company’s corporate social responsibility and is the core value that drives and animates it. While ethics resides in the abstract of ideals of intending to do the right thing, corporate social responsibility on the other hand materializes this ideal through concrete acts in the various operations of the business. Ethics in a business context however is easier said than done and we need not to research far on how the lack of it can make a company wayward such as the examples of Enron, Worldcom and many others. This explain ethics needs to be integrated in the business organization’s strategic plan. Putting in practice to produce the ideal behavior of an organization and its employees can be a challenge and this can be possible by integrating ethics right at the core of the strategic plan. Business, with its profit motive when left unchecked has the tendency to resort to unethical practice to realize it profit motive and t his can only be prevented by enunciating at the core of company’s values and strategies that it will do business ethically. Finocchio, the former CEO and chairman of Informix Corp., expressed how ethics is can concretely integrate into the company’s strategic plan and ultimately, in the business practices through its socially responsible acts. He prescribed that â€Å"ethics should be part of the company's mission statement, long-term strategic plan, public pronouncements, and codes of conduct†. This is the only way to make ethics a "cornerstone of the organizational culture" by integrating it in the core of the strategic plan right at the definition of the most basic question of the business such as â€Å"what do we stand for? What is our purpose? What values do we have?† (Schulman, 2012). The integration of ethics in the strategic plan would reinforce ideal behavior that the company intends to have and will enable the company to project a positive image through their socially responsible acts that inspires confidence among its various stakeholders that would enhance its bottom line as a business enterprise. II. Explain ethical perspective has evolved throughout the program The changing business landscape and the demands of the business various stakeholders has changed the ethical perspective from a mere prerogative to a business imperative. This is express in company’s Corporate Social Responsibility not an addition to a company’s PR work but a tangible business practice whereby a company does not only conforms with the minimum requirement of the regulatory agencies but also consciously exercise an ethical business practice. Corporate social responsibility has also an economic value. When CRM is integrated in a company’s culture, it reinforces that desired behavior that support the objective of having a good brand that would enable the company project a positive image that could ultimately led to the publicâ⠂¬â„¢s confidence and therefore enhance the company’s bottom line. In short, being ethical is more profitable for a business not to mention that the company is relieved not only from government prosecution and fines because it always does what is right but also as a competitive advantage because customers now tend to patronize companies who are ethical. Gone are times when business has to be callous in

Urban tourism development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Urban tourism development - Research Paper Example siness related things but people also move to cities for leisure purposes and to observe and learn about the different cultural activities at different cities. The main elements which attract the tourists towards the cities are theatres, cinemas, museums, art galleries, parks, night clubs, casinos, organized events like Christmas, shopping, markets, accommodation and festivals etc. So in short urban tourism refers to the utilization of town spectacles (like construction, monuments, and parks) and artistic amenities (such as museums and performances) by guests. Studying urban tourism involves seriously relaxation activities and transitory populations. A good quantity of developments in recent previous decades has led tourism to appear as a large industry with huge amounts of money involved in it. As industrial built-up deserts intense urban areas, entertainment plays an extended role in numerous city economies. The magnetism and accommodation of tourists has become a vital concern for community and private city elites. The considerable but transitory population of tourists to the city has an amazing influence on the local political affairs, investment options, and the built-up of environment. Tourist demand for travel to cities has deeply improved over the last few decades (Theobald & William, 1998). It is an important fact that tourism plays a critical role in the UK’s economy. It is accepted as the fifth major industry in UK. Keeping in view the importance of tourism industry UK especially London has made major improvements and to date London offers attractions like Trafalgar square, British Museum,  Zoo, National Gallery and the  London  Dungeon, to name just a few. `London for fun` is the eventual and absolute tourist heaven. London is amongst the cities which are most commonly visited by the travelers in year 2009 (London overseas factsheet, 2009) A special tourism known as cultural tourism has made its place in the past few decades. In cultural tourism

Disability Definitions Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Disability Definitions Analysis - Research Paper Example IDEA defines what these disabilities are, and who is eligible to receive education based on their unique needs. This paper will look into some of the descriptions of the disabilities under the IDEA, and what characteristics and features are in place to identify these individual needs. Learning disability: Under the IDEA, this is a disorder where normal psychological processes involved in the using of language, or understanding are able to manifest in a manner that fosters an imperfect inability to either think or listen. In the IDEA definition, there is the inclusion of conditions that count as learning disabilities. These include: brain injury the student may have, brain dysfunction, dyslexia (reading disability), and/or perceptual disabilities (Kaufman & Kaufman, 2001). However, learning difficulties, for example, emotional disturbance and economic disadvantages, do not fall under this definition. Mental retardation: Under IDEA, this is the lack of cognitive abilities. This means that these individuals face limitations when it comes to social skills, taking care of themselves, and issues with communication. Students with mental retardation are typically slower than the rest of the students. These cognitive disabilities render the student much slower when it comes to speech. They also have problems taking care of their personal needs while in school (Burns, 2006). Emotional behavioural disturbance: Under the IDEA’s definition, it is a condition that renders a child with sub average intellectual functioning. This is a disability that cannot be explained by health or intellectual factors. The presence of some factors over a long period might indicate that a student is incapable of maintaining a steady educational environment. Deficits in adaptive behaviour, according to the act, affect the child, hence affecting their educational environment (Mastropieri & Scruggs, 2007). In learning disabilities, there are no factors that affect the student from the

Supercomputers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Supercomputers - Research Paper Example a. The first supercomputer was put to use at Columbia University between 1954 and 1963 to find missile trajectories. The supercomputer was known as the IBM Naval Ordnance Research Calculator capable of performing 15,000 operations per second (Columbia University, 2013). c. Xie et al. (2010) emphasize that evolution in computer components facilitated the development of supercomputers. Beginning with an early stage development, it evolved into vector supercomputer stage then flourished to massive parallel processing supercomputer stage and then evolved further to the cluster stage. Ever since late 60s, the performance of supercomputers has improved almost 10 times per spell of four years surpassing even Moores law. Advantages of supercomputers are speed, accuracy, and capability to charter in unknown territories such as space-research, discovering genomes coding that are otherwise very difficult to perform. On disadvantages side, its high cost and huge power consumption can be cited. High power consumption leads to heat generation that in turn, increases frequent replacement of the important parts increasing its maintenance cost. Due to fast advances in computer field today’s supercomputer can be redundant as time passes by (Newman, 2011). 1. An IBM system installed at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Los Alamos National Laboratory in 2008 is able to compute at the rate of 1.026 petaflop per second. The system is nicknamed as "Roadrunner". It is important to note that this is one of the most energy efficient systems during the time. The Square-Kilometer Array (SKA) project aims at developing the largest radio telescope in the world for space research. This will be done by establishing a series of hundreds of smaller radio telescopes in the area of one-square kilometer. The purpose is to gather a vast amount of data extensively deep into the space. This will unfold how galaxies evolve and secrets about dark matter and

Small Groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Small Groups - Essay Example The great thing was that we coped well without her because we already knew what points we needed to make. It was sometimes unexpected when one group member couldn’t make it, but the rest of us knew our roles and we also helped pitched in to make up for the lack of a group member I would say that the reason why our group was so successful was because there were many different cultures, styles, and personalities. There were times when some group members clashed, but the main advantage to working with such a diverse group is that everyone can offer a different opinion. More than that, everyone was open to the other group members expressing their own opinion and they were not shot down for it. This helped to create a sense of trust within the group and it also helped our meetings run smoother because we were able to work quite quickly. There were not too many factors that contributed to the group’s problems, but if I had to name one I would probably say that we were too relaxed at times. It was good that we all got on well as a group, but sometimes this togetherness would lead to going off topic because we had no one to keep us on track. I would not change the fact that we were friendly with each other, but there could have been a leader appointed at the beginning so that there was someone to keep us all in check. The first time I met Trish I thought that she was a time-orientated person. She just had a look on her face that showed determination and focus. My impression of Trish has stayed relatively the same because for our group she was the one to organize everything even though there was not a group leader. For Paul, I did not know him that well but I saw him as someone who could be useful as a conversation starter. He turned out to be the joker of the group because he would lighten the atmosphere at tense moments, but he was also

The Importance of Maintaining a Valid Physical Therapy License Essay

The Importance of Maintaining a Valid Physical Therapy License - Essay Example The license renewal process thus ensures that the physical therapist has completed the required continuing education and, as a result, has access to the most current information and techniques available. Moreover, it is crucial that physical therapists maintain valid licenses so that the state can ensure that its physical therapy professionals are obliged to adhere to the ethical standards of the industry. Additionally, it is essential that physical therapists maintain their licenses for a variety of legal reasons. Physical therapy patients rely on their physical therapist to provide them with a certain standard of care. Often, physical therapy can provide a patient with the means to achieve a better quality of life. A patient needs to be able to trust in the qualifications of their physical therapist not only to help them reach the goals but also to make sure he does not further damage himself in the process. The physical therapy license provides this security for the patient, giving him the knowledge that this physical therapist is qualified to advise him. If a physical therapist allows his license to lapse, he is no longer certified to provide physical therapy services to patients and is accordingly not deserving of the patient's trust.

Interior lighting Essay Example for Free

Interior lighting Essay Interior lighting not only illuminates dark rooms, creating mood and atmosphere, it emphasizes areas of importance and highlights prized possessions. But selecting the best interior lighting for both practical illumination and as a powerful decorating tool isn’t automatic. You need to develop a lighting plan for each room that serves your lifestyle and complements your personal decorating style (Young). Luminance and Chrominance It is easier to take advantage of these effects when the interior is described in terms of luminance and chrominance. Luminance is closely related to the perception of brightness, whereas chrominance is related to the perception of color hue and saturation. By definition, luminance is proportional to the light energy emitted per unit projected area of source, but the energy in each band of wavelengths of the input is scaled by the corresponding sensitivity of the eye in that band. Therefore, luminance is a measure of the physical energy of the light source reaching the eye, but the incident energy is weighted according to the spectral sensitivity of the eye (Tregenza and Loe). Color The color of an object or surface is determined by its reflected or transmitted light. Color is not a physical property of the things we see – it is the consequence of light waves bouncing off or passing through various objects. What is perceived as color is the result of materials reflecting or transmitting energy in particular regions of the visible spectrum. A light source that emits radiant energy comparatively balanced in all visible wavelengths appears â€Å"white† in color. Passing a narrow beam of the white light through a prism separates and spreads the individual wavelengths, allowing the eye to distinguish among them. The resulting visual phenomenon is called color spectrum. â€Å"White† light sources emit energy at all or almost all visible wavelengths, but not always in an ideal proportion. Almost all sources are deficient at some wavelengths yet still appear to be white. This deficiency influences the perception of colors; the effect is known as color rendition. It causes the graying of some colors while enhancing the vividness of others (Gordon). Daylight A principal characteristic of daylight is its variability. The color of daylight changes with the time of day, the cleanliness of the atmosphere, and the inter reflection of surrounding objects. The intensity of the sun changes with the time of the day, the time of year, and the latitude of the site. The luminance of the sky depends on whether the light is coming from an overcast sky, from a clear sky only, or from a clear sky and direct sunlight. Daylight has two components: sunlight and skylight. Sunlight is the directional beam emitted by the sun; skylight is the diffuse reflection of light from particles in the atmosphere (Gordon). Incandescent Lamps The incandescent lamp depends on passing an electric current through a wire to such an extent that it glows white hot. Tungsten wire is now used, but early lamps used carbon filaments; it is necessary to have a material with a high melting point so that it emits light for reasonable length of time without breaking. The tungsten wire is usually coiled and coiled again to produce a fine filament. This is supported on two wires, which connect it to the electricity supply. The bulb usually contains an inert gas to stop the filament oxidizing; sometimes a vacuum is used. But gradually, as the lamp operates, tungsten evaporates from the filament and is deposited on the inside of the bulb. The filament becomes thinner and eventually breaks. An inert gas filling retards this process and ensures a reasonable lamp life, typically about 1000 hours. The actual life varies within a batch of lamps, and although a mean value can be quoted this may not be helpful. Lamp manufacturers often give the life as the point when they expect a particular percentage of lamps to have failed (Tregenza and Loe). Discharge Lamps – The Glowing Gas Light can be produced by an electric discharge in a gas-filled transparent tube. The discharge is started by applying a high voltage across electrodes at each end. This ionizes the gas filling, enabling an increasing current to flow, and resulting in further ionization. The radiation produced depends in the materials in the tube ad the as pressure. Its spectrum is discontinuous, and comprises bands of radiation at specific wavelengths. Phosphor coatings in the inside wall of the tube may be used to absorb some of the radiation and re-emit it at different wavelengths – especially to convert ultraviolet radiation to energy in the visible range. With all discharge lamps additional equipment is required in the electrical circuit. This produces an initial high voltage to start the discharge, then limits the current during operation and controls the power factor. The power factor depends on the relationship between voltage and current in an ac circuit and affects the efficiency of the equipment. The combined efficacy of the lamp and its control circuit determine the energy efficiency (Tregenza and Loe). The fluorescent lamp is the most versatile package of light available in today’s market. Ranging in light output from 115 lumens to 16,500 lumens in standard sizes, they are available in 40 different wattages and numerous circuit types. Fluorescent lamps are known as gaseous discharge lamps; they produce light by discharging an electric arc through a tube filled with low-pressure gas which contains mercury atoms. Some of the electrons in the arc collide with electrons in the mercury atoms. When collisions occur the mercury electrons are knocked out of orbit and, because they have absorbed energy as a result of the collision, jump to a higher energy level. They return to their normal orbit almost immediately and, in the process, give up the energy which was absorbed (Lindsey).

Acceptable Encryption Policy

Acceptable Encryption Policy Introduction The purpose of this policy is to supply with the general principles that limit the use of encryption to those algorithms that have received considerable public review and have been proven to work effectively. Scope This policy applies to all Staysure.co.uk employees and affiliates. Policy It is strongly recommended to use the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for symmetric encryption. It is strongly recommended to use the RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithms for asymmetric encryption. In general, Staysure company adheres to the NIST Policy on Hash Functions. Diffie-Hellman, IKE, or Elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) Key exchanges must be used. End points must be authenticated before exchanging the key or derivation of session keys. Public keys used to establish trust must be authenticated prior to use. All servers and applications using SSL or TLS must have the certificates signed by a known, trusted provider. Cryptographic keys must be generated and stored in a secure manner that prevents loss, theft, or compromise. This Policy must be verified and accepted by the Infosec team through different methods. Any employee found to have violeted this policy will be dealt with in accordance to Staysure disciplinary procedures. This may lead to a termination of employment for employees and termination of contract for service providers. Database Credentials Coding Policy Introduction For an application to connect to the internal database it is necessary to authorize through the database authentication credentials. But incorrect use, storage and transmission of such credentials will lead to compromise of very sensitive data. Scope This policy is for all system implementer and software engineers who work on coding applications that will access database server on the Staysure Network. Policy To maintain the security of Staysures internal databases, access by software programs must be granted only after authentication with credentials. The credentials used for this authentication must not reside in the main, executing body of the program. Database credentials must not be stored in a location that can be accessed through a web server. Database credentials may be stored as part of an authentication server (i.e., an entitlement directory), such as an LDAP server used for user authentication Database credentials may not reside in the documents tree of a web server. Passwords or pass phrases used to access a database must adhere to the Password Policy. Every program must have unique database credentials. Sharing of credentials between programs is not allowed. Developer groups must have a process in place to ensure that database passwords are controlled and changed in accordance with the Password Policy This Policy must be verified and accepted by the Infosec team through different methods. Any employee found to have violeted this policy will be dealt with in accordance to Staysure disciplinary procedures. This may lead to a termination of employment for employees and termination of contract for service providers. Any program code or application that violates this policy must be remediated within a 90 day period Web Application Security Policy Introduction The largest portion of attack vectors outside the malware is accounted by the Web applications. It is necessary that any web application prior to production deployment should be assessed for vulnerabilities. Scope This policy is for assessments of all web applications for maintaining the security posture, compliance, risk management, and change control of technologies in use at Staysure.co.uk Policy New Application Releasewill be subject to a full assessment prior to release into the live environment. Third Party Web Applicationwill be subject to full assessment after which it will be bound to policy requirements. Patch Releaseswill be subject to an appropriate assessment level based on the risk of the changes to the application functionality and architecture. Any high risk issue must be fixed immediately or other mitigation strategies must be put in place to limit exposure before deployment. A full assessment is comprised of tests for all known web application vulnerabilities using both automated and manual tools based on the OWASP Testing Guide A quick assessment will consist of a (typically) automated scan of an application for the OWASP Top Ten web application security risks at a minimum. A targeted assessment is performed to verify vulnerability remediation changes or new application functionality. This Policy must be verified and accepted by the Infosec team through different methods. Any employee found to have violeted this policy will be dealt with in accordance to Staysure disciplinary procedures. This may lead to a termination of employment for employees and termination of contract for service providers.

Dissociative Fugue Essay -- Psychology, Identity, Disorders

Dissociative Fugue Dissociation is when there is loss of connection in a person’s memory, thoughts, and sense of identity. The severity of dissociation ranges from mild dissociation a very common form seem in examples such as: daydreaming, driving a familiar route and realizing you do not remember the last several miles, or getting â€Å"lost† in a book. More severe and chronic forms are multiple personality disorder, now called dissociative identity disorder, and other dissociative disorders (Livingston, 2004). In this paper I will be focusing on Dissociative fugue. This dissociative disorder is very rare and can appear in a person suddenly and with warning. The individual travels far from home or work and leaves behind a past life. In extremely rare cases they assume a new identity. The individual experiences amnesia and does not have any conscious knowledge or understanding of why they left or how they got where they are. These â€Å"travels† can last anywhere from a few hours to several months. Fugue is derived from the Latin word fugere, meaning flight. Dissociative fugue differs from dissociative identity disorder because if a person assumes a new identity with dissociative fugue it does not coincide with other identities such as with Dissociative Identity disorder. Disabling Attributes This disorder can be very disabling because these bouts of flight come at unpredictable times. This can make it hard for an individual to keep a job if they have the chance of taking off and not remembering or knowing why. The possibility of assuming a new identity is also there making it very hard to develop strong relationships. They are viewed as unreliable employees and they do not possess the coping skills to deal with emotional ... ...s provide clear boundaries. Individuals have reported that if the support group includes individuals with complex dissociative disorders and those without have been problematic. An individual should keep this in mind when trying to find a support group right for them (Livingston, 2004). Rehabilitation Implications The outcome for individuals with dissociative fugue is good. A rehabilitation counselor should provide counseling and proper support to their client. With the proper treatment individuals with dissociative fugue can accomplish any of the same goals as an individual without a dissociative disorder. Rehabilitation counselors should also make sure clients have had the proper medical examinations and medication to treat the secondary symptoms to dissociative fugue. If all these are followed the counselor client relationship should be successful.

Ergot Essay examples -- Botany

Ergot Ergot (Claviceps purpurea Tul.) is a poisonous fungus that is hazardous to animals and humans. It appears to be a small, hard, black, elongated structure that grows on and contaminants grains, which is called scelrotium. The appearance tends to look like mold. When eaten in quantity or small amounts over a period of time it can be highly toxic. Furthermore, it is a major problem for humans in North America but even more severe for animals. Humans are susceptible to being contaminated with this poisonous fungus because ergot can grow on mushrooms, rye, wheat, and barley. These are products that humans ingest everyday. Ergot is the most notorious poison because it includes several species of ascomycete fungi with complex life cycles that parasitize the grains of various cultivated and wild grasses. Therefore, it is necessary to check for ergot contamination, especially if they are home-grown grains. The epidemic or spreading phase of the ergot fungus occurs at the same time the grasses are in flower. Fungal spores infect the ovaries of the mature flower of the host plant. These develop mycelia (fine threadlike filaments). At this initial infection an excretion of honeydew (moist, sticky secretion) stage, develops and the mycelia continue to grow within the ovaries of the host and become sclerotia (fruiting bodies). A sclerotium appears as a cylindrical, three sided body, slightly curved, hornlike, hard, grooved on one or both sides, dark purple next to black that is 1/3 to 1 1/2 inches long and 1/8 to 1/4 inches wide. There is a very unpleasant aroma (odor), which is somewhat fishy. The developed sclerotia finally falls to the ground to germinate in the summer at once or may wait until after the winter and germinate the ... ...y resulting in poisoning of animals by plants, in this instance has the opposite effect. It allows pasture grasses to develop an inflorescence and become potentially dangerous (86-87). REFERENCES Fuller, Thomas, and Elizabeth McClintock (1986). Poisonous Plants of California. Berkley, LA: University of California Press. p. 15-20. Kingsbury, John M. (1964a). Poisonous plants of the United Canada States and. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. p. 79-86. Kingsbury, John M. (1968b). Harvest. New York, Chicago, San Francisco: Holt Rinehart and Winston. P. 34-37. Morton, Julia F.D.Sc. (1977). Major Medicinal Plants Botany, Culture, and Uses. USA, Springfield: Charles C. Thomas Publisher. P. 4-9. Szezawinski, Adam PhD, and Nancy J. Turner. (1991). Common Poisonous Plants and Mushrooms of North America. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 64-66. Ergot Essay examples -- Botany Ergot Ergot (Claviceps purpurea Tul.) is a poisonous fungus that is hazardous to animals and humans. It appears to be a small, hard, black, elongated structure that grows on and contaminants grains, which is called scelrotium. The appearance tends to look like mold. When eaten in quantity or small amounts over a period of time it can be highly toxic. Furthermore, it is a major problem for humans in North America but even more severe for animals. Humans are susceptible to being contaminated with this poisonous fungus because ergot can grow on mushrooms, rye, wheat, and barley. These are products that humans ingest everyday. Ergot is the most notorious poison because it includes several species of ascomycete fungi with complex life cycles that parasitize the grains of various cultivated and wild grasses. Therefore, it is necessary to check for ergot contamination, especially if they are home-grown grains. The epidemic or spreading phase of the ergot fungus occurs at the same time the grasses are in flower. Fungal spores infect the ovaries of the mature flower of the host plant. These develop mycelia (fine threadlike filaments). At this initial infection an excretion of honeydew (moist, sticky secretion) stage, develops and the mycelia continue to grow within the ovaries of the host and become sclerotia (fruiting bodies). A sclerotium appears as a cylindrical, three sided body, slightly curved, hornlike, hard, grooved on one or both sides, dark purple next to black that is 1/3 to 1 1/2 inches long and 1/8 to 1/4 inches wide. There is a very unpleasant aroma (odor), which is somewhat fishy. The developed sclerotia finally falls to the ground to germinate in the summer at once or may wait until after the winter and germinate the ... ...y resulting in poisoning of animals by plants, in this instance has the opposite effect. It allows pasture grasses to develop an inflorescence and become potentially dangerous (86-87). REFERENCES Fuller, Thomas, and Elizabeth McClintock (1986). Poisonous Plants of California. Berkley, LA: University of California Press. p. 15-20. Kingsbury, John M. (1964a). Poisonous plants of the United Canada States and. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. p. 79-86. Kingsbury, John M. (1968b). Harvest. New York, Chicago, San Francisco: Holt Rinehart and Winston. P. 34-37. Morton, Julia F.D.Sc. (1977). Major Medicinal Plants Botany, Culture, and Uses. USA, Springfield: Charles C. Thomas Publisher. P. 4-9. Szezawinski, Adam PhD, and Nancy J. Turner. (1991). Common Poisonous Plants and Mushrooms of North America. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 64-66.

In the Mood for Interior Design

Kathryn Terry Professor Mooney Eng105N 5 March, 2012 In the Mood for Interior Design There are many things that affect one’s mood in the world. Mood seems like something simple that people can change themselves. But, in fact, mood is affected by more than just the people around or how one is feeling. The way a room is designed and laid out and the colors that one picks for the room affect a person’s mood more than most realize. Many aspects of interior design affect people’s moods.The Article, â€Å"Occupation Information,† states that interior designers prepare specifications for interior construction materials, space planning, lighting, finishes, equipment and furnishing. They also develop designs that are appropriate, functional and aesthetically pleasing for others. Reading blueprints, understanding building and fire codes and knowing how to make space accessible to people who are disabled are things interior designers must know. Traditionally, most in terior designers focus on choosing a style, color, and pattern and then selecting appropriate lighting, furnishing, window covering and artwork for the home. Interior designers may work alone as consultants or with a design group† (Occupation Information†). They often visit clients in their homes and offices and they often work on weekends and long hours. Personal requirements for interior designers are being creative, having an artistic flair, being good at problem solving and lateral things and being good at technical drawing and illustration (â€Å"Occupation Information†). April Sanders states that interior designers have know for a long time that room decoration and color affects moods (Sanders). Every room in a house has the ability to affect one’s atmosphere and mood.Anna Starmer says that, â€Å"†¦one’s home can become a haven of mood enhancing spaces to calm the soul and refresh the mind† (Starmer 19). Furnishing, accessories, pa int colors, room arrangements and even scents in a room can affect the mood of the person in the room (Sanders). Shilpa Shah writes that colors are light waves that are reflected and absorbed by all things around a person. â€Å"Color is the language of the universe† (Shah). It can interconnect the heart, body and soul, soothe one’s emotions, spur energy into a person, and protect and raise one’s health and spirit (Shah).Mary Nicholson says that color, without realizing it, can have a larger effect on how one feels both mentally and physically (Nicholson). Leslie Brown says that people cannot believe what their eyes are telling them when it comes to color, nor can they believe what they know to be true (Leslie Brown 12). In the article, â€Å"Feng Shui Colors,† it says that since the beginning of time, color therapy has been used by the ancient Egyptians and the Greeks who assigned specific colors to specific illnesses. One actually does not have to see a color to benefit from it. Blind people can feel the difference in colors by touch† (â€Å"Feng Shui Colors†). Too strong or too much of a color will do no one any favors, particularly if they want a relaxing atmosphere (Brown 12). Every color has a different effect on people’s moods. Red is a warm color that is great for grabbing attention and can increase brain activity and one’s pulse rate. It is great for adding a sense of drama to a space and is also great for creating a party atmosphere (â€Å"Feng Shui Colors†). Red can advance the eye to make a space seem cozier (Leslie Brown 12).It is also associated with fire and passion and can be used to stimulate and intensify emotion. One does however, have to use red sparingly, because it can become overwhelming and make people feel aggressive or moody if they stay in the room too long. Red was preserved as being rough and warm when it was touched by the blind (â€Å"Feng Shui Colors†). Another warm color is orange. Orange is a stimulating color that is often associated with enthusiasm, optimism, and sociability. Orange is a great color when entertaining visitors, for example in a dining room.One wants to avoid using a lot of orange in a bedroom because it can be over stimulating (â€Å"Feng Shui Colors†). When mixed with yellow, orange can have the ability to overcome clutter (Leslie Brown 104). Orange is a color that works well when mixed with other colors as long as the colors do not clash (Leslie Brown 106). Yellow is another color that is in the warm family. Yellow is great for lifting spirits, raising energy levels and decreasing negativity. It is particularly good for encouraging intellectual progress and focusing the mind. Yellow is ull of creative and intellectual energy (â€Å"Feng Shui Colors†). Yellow is one of the most approachable colors, because it is capable of extraordinary variations and because at its deepest and strongest, it never gets d ark. Yellow is a perfect practical color because of its friendliness and versatility (Leslie Brown 99). One does have to be careful when mixing yellow with other colors though. Gray and white are two colors that work very well with yellow (Leslie Brown 97). Green is a cool color. Green is associated with calming and peace, and promotes feelings of safety.It is the strongest of the secondary colors and it acts like a primary. The balancing, restful qualities in greens make for an obvious Feng Shui decorating color choice for living rooms, bedrooms and places of retreat. A soft green bathroom can also be very relaxing. â€Å"It is a very useful color for people who are experimenting wayward teenagers or people who seem out of balance on an emotional level† (â€Å"Feng Shui Colors†). Blue is also a cool color. Blue is one of the easiest and best colors to use because it comes in so many different shades.It is the color of infinity because the sky is blue and the sky goes on forever (Leslie Brown 80). Blue can reduce tension and stress and is useful in calming negative emotions when tempers are running high. It is also associated with effective communication and clear thought and is great for focusing the mind. Blue was perceived as cool and smooth when the blind touched it. Too much blue can be cold and depressing, so one should avoid it if they are prone to moodiness and low mood swings (â€Å"Feng Shui Colors†). Another cool color is purple.Purple was very expensive to create, therefore it is a color of majesty (Leslie Brown 129). Purple is a color linked with activities such as mediation and healing and is known as the psychic color. â€Å"Purple can have a calming and restorative effect in a bedroom as it encourages introspection which is key at night time when your energy needs to be focused inward† (Feng Shui Colors†). When one mixes purple with other colors, it can lose its daunting majesty to become a modern spice for sta rk spaces (Leslie Brown 130). Pink is the ultimate feminine color of love and nurturing.It is a color often presented as a color that one paints a small girl’s room because it is so bold. Pink is not as ditzy as people make it out to be (Leslie Brown123). It is great for creating a sense of calmness and is great for hyperactive children. Someone with sleep difficulties and someone who has just gone through divorce might want to consider painting a room pink (â€Å"Feng Shui Colors†). Pink is a color that was not invented with a clear range (Leslie Brown 133). White and Cream are colors that refresh the mind. Cream is a warm, friendly and rich color (Leslie Brown 58).White is associated with cleanliness and purity and can be useful when one’s senses are overloaded and they need to clear down the emotions (â€Å"Feng Shui Colors†). White’s textures and tones evoke a sense of calmness that people like in homes that are in cities or countries (Leslie B rown 50). One does have to be careful with white because it can be difficult to live with long term (â€Å"Feng Shui Colors†). Black is the total opposite of white and cream. Black can be preserved as being a bold, sexy and an independent color.It can create a sense of magic because it has such great depth to it (â€Å"Feng Shui Colors†). Black can however be a depressing color and referred back to death. The best way to use black is to use on one wall and accent it with bright colors like violet or neutrals. Black combined with gray can make for a great room. It should be avoided in children’s bedrooms, dining rooms and kitchens (Leslie Brown 70). Brown/beige is a color that is as strong and powerful as black but a little more friendly. It is one of the more natural colors similar to green because it is a color common in nature.Brown/beige is a color that is typically known as more of a masculine color, because it has less pink than a cream color. Brown/beige i s a color that puts people at ease and relaxes them. It is often a color used but builders because it is pleasing to the buyers and will usually work well with any color. â€Å"Arts and Crafts houses generally have an affinity with beige and brown schemes because the style made full use of the colors of wood,† (Leslie Brown 64-66). Colors and the placement of furniture together can really affect someone’s mood.Simon Brown writes that Feng Shui is the placement of furniture and the way in which people interact with there environment (Simon Brown). David Kennedy states that it is an ancient Chinese art of improving every aspect of people’s life by creating energy flow and harmony in their environment (Kennedy 1). Feng Shui is a term composed of two Chinese words. Feng is a word that means wind and Shui meaning water (Kennedy 13). Rizwana Mundewadi states that â€Å"Feng Shui works on the principle of balancing the five elements: fire, earth, metal, water and wood ,† (Mundewadi).Balancing those five elements can help lead to prosperity, peace, and harmony in all aspects of life (Mundewadi). The Chinese have known for a very long time that people’s physical surroundings affect every aspect of their inner and outer lives. By rearranging their living and working environments according to ancient Feng Shui principles, many successful individuals now create harmony and happiness in their relationships, increase their prosperity, and reduce patterns of difficulty, stress and failure in their everyday lives.The Chinese have long recognized the distinct relationship between Feng Shui and having a success in life. Most individuals do not realize that their surroundings affect their health, wealth, family life, relationships and even ones destiny (Kennedy 1). â€Å"Feng Shui works on the basis that you have an emotional energy field running through and around your body,† (Simon Brown 8). Whether one is aware of it or not, Feng Shui affects them every moment of every day (Kennedy 11).Everyone’s environment or energy surrounding them can help create an experience that can lead to greater success in life (Simon Brown 8). Although most people do understand that too much clutter can create a feeling of frustration or anxiety, most do not understand that the improper arrangement of the accessories and furniture can also create a stressful and anxiousness feeling. A small table crowded with accessories like photos can irritate someone who is trying to find a place to set their drink down.The location of one’s bed can affect a marriage and the position of a desk can affect one’s attention and work performance, which can perhaps make the difference in someone getting a job promotion or demotion. â€Å"A room that has a couch with its back to a large window or opening can leave a person feeling subconsciously vulnerable as if someone could sneak up on them,† (Sanders). Following all the Feng Shui principles can help living and working environment that can help someone achieve the success and happiness that they deserve (Kennedy 1).There so many things Interior Designers must know in order to create a mood friendly environment for themselves or their clients. All the colors and the Feng Shui technique affect moods in so many different ways. The more they are studied the more that will be discovered about all the affects they have on people’s moods. Knowing how all the different colors affect people’s moods can create a warm and friendly or cool and relaxing environment depending on which colors are chosen. It is a strategy that many people are unaware of that’s important and can be very rewarding.

Buy Anyzone Gold Today Essay

Natural cleaning, Healthy living Air, water, residual agricultural chemicals (pesticides/herbicides) and unpleasant odours (food, bathroom, refrigerator, cigarette smoke and turbid indoor air odours all contribute to our daily toxic load. Most of the solutions developed by industry for ridding ourselves of these pollutants contain additional chemicals, which increase our exposure to potentially harmful chemicals. How Anyzone Gold helps: It’s for the whole family †¢ Disposes harmful bacteria in meat and fish †¢ Removes chemical residue, larva  and pesticides  from vegetables and fruits †¢ Gets rid of unpleasant odor from food Improves skin metabolism and reduces allergy †¢ Removes washing detergent residues and bacteria from household items and utensils †¢ Preserves freshness in food Sterilization and disinfection Germs such as E. coli, colon bacillus, Salmonella, vibrio staphylococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are sterilized and disinfected by str ong oxidation reaction. â€Å"Disinfects without using chemical washing or boiling. † Deodorization and air purification Effective in deodorizing refrigerator odours, food odours, indoor odours, bathroom odours and many more. Indoor air, cigarette odours and unpleasant odours are eliminated and turned into refreshing natural air. Air purification cigarette smoke test sight Before use 10 second 20 seconds Pillow Meat, fish, vegetable and fruits Residual agricultural chemical and harmful elements are decomposed through oxidation. Revives freshness and improves flavour. â€Å"Not a single tested pesticide has ever been proven safe. † Professor Dennis Parke, former Chairman of WHO Joint Meeting’s statement on pesticide residues. What is anion and ozone? Anions are electrons with negative electricity, also known as â€Å"vitamins in the air†. Oxygen anions have the capability to eliminate dust, germs and cigarette odours through purification. It is odorless, tasteless and invisible; we could only inhale it in abundance near waterfalls, mountains and oceans. It also helps in maximizing our brain activity. Ozone is composed of 3 oxygen atoms and has a distinctive and peculiar fish-like odour. It is a light blue gas and has strong oxidizing power, used for sterilizing beverages. It decomposes and destroys residual agricultural chemicals on vegetables and fruits through oxidization. It is also used for sterilization of kitchen and baby goods by filtering out harmful components, biological beings and foreign substances. Ozonated water is safe and effective for: †¢ Bathing pets †¢ Regenerating and removing bacteria and parasites form plants. Just water them and/or spray their leaves †¢ Cleaning fish tanks. Drop your ozone nozzle in the water and watch your tank clean itself! Fish are invigorated by ozone water †¢ Eliminating bacteria on kitchen surfaces †¢ Washing hair. Ozone water protects damaged hair, restoring its colour and manageability; PLUS, it is a great treatment for dandruff! Effective treatment for skin problems, including acne, rashes, eczema †¢ Sinus problems †¢ Leucorrhoea, vaginal thrush. Use the water as a douche. †¢ You can set the Anyzone to run while sleeping giving you that mountain/seaside fresh air in your room. Ozonated air is environmentally safe for: †¢ Disinfecting and â€Å"debugging† closets, and cupboards. †¢ Freshening, deodorizing and disinfecting bedding, linens, and clothing. Place linens in plastic bags with ozone nozzle for just a few minutes. It’s so simple! Company Profile †¦ Global Healthy Link Sdn Bhd with its main office in Petaling Jaya is currently actively involved in the distribution of Ozone/ Anion sterilization equipment, health-related products and water filtration system for both household and commercial use. One of our goals is to exceed the expectations of every customer we come in contact with by offering outstanding customer service, value-added functionalities and operational efficiency. GHLSB strives to provide environmental-friendly, safe, durable and reliable products to its valued customers and will not compromise on product and service quality. Our associates are distinguished by their functional and technical expertise combined with their hands-on experience, thereby ensuring that our customers receive the most effective and professional product recommendation and services. We pride ourselves on our proven track record of having hundreds of satisfied customers since the company started operation in 2004. Functions and Effectiveness of Anyzone Gold Anion Ozone Sterilizer Summary †¢ Removes chemical residue and pesticides on vegetables and fruits †¢ Disposes harmful bacteria in meat and fish †¢ Get rids of unpleasant odor from food Expunges parasites and larva on vegetables and fruits †¢ Ozonated water improves skin metabolism and reduces allergy †¢ Removes washing detergent residues and bacteria from household items and utensils †¢ Preserves freshness in food Sterilization †¢ Food – food are exposed to pathogens (illness causing bacteria) and harmful chemicals during the growing per iod and handling †¢ Kitchen sponges and rags – effective as a germicide/ fungicide to destroy germs, molds, bacteria and any microbes. Does not produce chemical residues during cleaning as in other cleaning agents †¢ Utensils and dishes – Salmonella, E. Coli and many pathogens can cause food poisoning, if not properly cleaned. Thus soaking the utensils and dishes in ozonated water can rid these pathogens. †¢ Pets accessories – Bacteria is common in the stool of pets, thus washing the accessories can rid these bacteria †¢ Children toys – If not cleaned and sterilized properly, can lead to illness and infections †¢ Baby’s Utensils – Babies are sensitive to illness, tooth decay and diarrhea if utensils are not properly cleaned especially bottle nipples and pacifiers. Soaking in ozonated water will help destroy bacteria †¢ Medical instruments – Economical way to sterilize equipment Purification †¢ Drinking water – 90% bottled water uses ozone for purification. The taste of Ozonated water is improved. †¢ Fish tanks/ aquariums – Ozone can destroy algae and bacteria in fish tank with no harmful effect on the fish. Within 20 minutes, ozone will change back to oxygen, due to the instability of the 3rd oxygen, thus increasing the level of dissolved oxygen, keeping the water clearer and the fish healthier. Work as fridge purifier (reduces fodd spoiling and illnesss) – Ozone destroys food spoiling bacteria and mircroorganisms and organic chemicals, maintaining the freshness of meat and vegetables. †¢ Hot tub, spa and bath water – Ozone is far cheaper than chlorine at destroying bacteria and microorganisms without any adverse effect on sensitive skin †¢ Air purifier – Ozone destroy impuriti es in the air such as bacteria, molds, smoke etc. It also reduces dust and other particles because of the negative ions produced as a by product.

How Does Arthutr Miller Create Tension and Conflict Between John and Elizabeth Proctor at the Start of Act 2

†The Crucible,† is a 1952 play written by Arthur Miller as an allegory of Mcarthyism. The play follows a theocratic society in which the church and the state are one, and reputation plays an important role in Salem where private and public moralities are the same. In act one, the secret affair of John Proctor and Abigail Williams was revealed that led to conflict between John and his wife. Divorce was not permitted in the late 16th century, hence, the Proctors had to maintain their marriage causing discord within the Proctor household.At the start of Act 2, Miller creates a tense atmosphere of animosity portrayed by John and Elizabeth Proctor in their lack of affection, awkwardness, appraisal and guilt leading to affliction. In the beginning of Act Two, Miller portrays the tension in the Proctors house by the awkward atmosphere between John and Elizabeth when John returns home late. John is desperately trying to maintain a light atmosphere in the house by complimenting El izabeths cooking saying that † It's well seasoned,† although we know that in fact it is John who in attempt to conceal Elizabeths bland cooking, had seasoned it himself.The author makes the audience feel the lack of natural affection between the Proctors by their forced attempts to please each other. Throughout their conversation, John tells Elizabeth that he is planning to buy George Jacobs heifer, saying † I mean to please you Elizabeth,† as he tries to mend their relationship and seek her forgiveness. However, it is obviously hard for her to welcome his attempts as he have had an affair with Abby, and her actions towards him are detached.It is clear that the atmosphere in the house is blank and tense, by Millers constant use of questions and short replies. In addition, the tension between John and Elizabeth Proctor is accentuated by Elizabeth's distrust and suspicion towards John, based on her knowledge on the affair between John and Abby. Elizabeth questi ons John's honesty when he told her he had been alone with Abigail saying † why, then, it is not as you told me,† bearing down on him for lacking to mention this part altough the audience knows it was just a brief encounter.Furthermore, Elizabeth constant judgements lead to John's critisism of her where he cannot keep conceal his anger towards Elizabeth's judgement. After Elizabeth confronted John about still having feelings towards her, John had warned her † You will not judge me anymore Elizabeth. Let you look to your improvement nefore you go to judge your husband anymore. † This shows that although John is trying desperately to please Elizabeth , he cannot do so when she is constantly judging him about his affair with Abigail.Consequently, much of the conflict between John and Elizabeth, Miller portrays through John's guilt over the affair. The audience feels that Elizabeth's knowledge of the affair, makes John feel judged. Elizabeth questions John about his feeling for Abigail saying †John, if it were not Abigail that you must go to hurt, would you falter now? † Elizabeth's judgement leads John to struggle to regain his dignity and trust before his wife.After Elizabeth had suggested John had yet some feeling left for Abigail, John replies by saying † I come into a court everytime I come into this house. † We are shown that John feels judged by Elizabeth every time he comes home that leads to his struggle to acquire Elizabeth's forgiveness, and retain his dignity before her. In act Two, John tells Elizabeth that † I confessed. Confessed! Some dream I had must have mistaken you for God that day,† revealing that he had confessed to her about the affair and almost expects her to give him some recognition for that.At the end of the scene, the astricted atmoshere remains within the couple when John pleads to Elizabeth, saying † Let you look sometimes for the goodness in me, and judge me not,† to which she replies † I do not judge you. The magistrate sits in your heart that judges you. † By this we are displayed Elizabeth's feeling towards John's accusation towards which she reveals to John that it is not her that he is being judged by, but in fact his quilty conscience over the affair.In Conclusion, the audince feels tension and conflict between John and Elizabeth in act two through Miller's use of scenes of frigidity, lack of natural affection, constant use of questions and short replies,Elizabeth's suspicion and distrust of John and their constant judgement of each other . This scene plays an important role to the events that were building up in Salem, as the conflict in their household can almost represent the hysteria that was building up in Salem at that time with constant suspicions, distrusts and judgement.

Cis499

Gene Splicing Lab Question #1: DNA is made up of two separate strands of base sequences. The same sequence is found on both strands, but running in opposite directions. What word describes this characteristic? Palindrome Question #2: What does the term â€Å"sticky ends† refer to in gene splicing? When you splice a piece of DNA with a restriction enzyme, and want to insert the new gene, the â€Å"glue† that holds the two pieces together are the complementary bases, or sticky ends. Question #3: What is a plasmid? How is a plasmid used in gene splicing? A plasmid is a circular segment of DNA with an origin of replication.It can be duplicated and serve as an adjunct to the main bacterial chromosome. Question #4: What types of vectors are used to carry DNA from one species into the DNA of another species? Give examples. Generally plasmids and viruses, although naked DNA is a possible source as well. Question #5: What is a â€Å"transgenic organism†? Give examples. Or ganisms that contain dna from another organism. it is a type of gmo, or genetically modified organism. Ex: genetically modified crops, transgenic cows that produce different milk, mice with different genesQuestion #6: Why is it essential that the same restriction enzyme be used to cleave (cut) the DNA of both organisms used to create a transgenic organism? The restriction enzyme cuts in specifc sites on the DNA, for example complementary strands. A and T or C and G. So only with the same enzyme at both the DNA of organisms in places where the complementary base pairing can be cut, is used as the same enzyme enzyme, the DNA will be cut for example. at A and T on both the organisms the opportunity to tie the organisms at these sites via H-bridges as complementary bases.Therefore, it is allowed to bind the two organisms form a transgenic organism Question #7: Are there any factors other than technical ones that might slow — or even prevent — the use of bioengineering? The re are many social factors that will impede the progress of bioengineering. In the case of agricultural bioengineering, some people are frightened that bioengineered food would be less healthy. Bioengineered crops will also decrease the biodiversity of our food, making it more susceptible to disease (ergo famine). Also, genetically engineered crops will give developed nations a huge advantage over third world in food production.

The Development Of Sustainable Buildings Environmental Sciences Essay

Climate alteration refers to a long term displacement in the Earths planetary or regional clime, measured by long term alterations in the conditions conditions, such as temperature, precipitation and air current form. With additions in planetary mean air and ocean temperatures, widespread thaw of snow and ice, and lifting planetary mean sea degrees, the 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) appraisal study concludes that planetary heating is univocal and speed uping. Although clime alteration is a natural phenomenon, the warming tendency since the mid-20th century is really likely due to human activities such as the combustion of fossil fuel and deforestation which addition concentrations of nursery gases ( GHGs ) . As human-induced GHGs such as C dioxide ( CO2 ) , methane ( CH4 ) , azotic oxide ( N2O ) , per fluorocarbons ( PFCs ) , hydro fluorocarbons ( HFCs ) and sulphur hexafluoride ( SF6 ) act like a cover which traps heat in the ambiance, the rush of GHG concentrations after the Industrial Revolution has resulted in an enhanced nursery consequence, doing the Earth acquire hotter and hotter. The IPCC projected that there would be more frequent and intense extreme conditions events due to planetary heating. We must non let temperatures to lift more than 2A °C above pre-industrial degrees if we wish to avoid ruinous impacts of clime alteration. The effects of planetary heating are in some ways less definable than the causes. Let us follow a concatenation of events so as to be able to wholly visualize the graduated table and range of the job. Rising sea degrees Salt H2O invasion Extreme conditions Increased rainfall Drought Acidic Oceans Destabilization of local climes From its origin, HK-BEAM has been the lone strategy of its sort to arise in Hong Kong and be widely applied across the district. HK-BEAM buttockss undertakings in footings of their whole-life site, stuffs, energy, H2O, indoor environment and advanced facets. Improvements are identified during appraisal, and edifices are labelled as Platinum, Gold, Silver, Bronze or Unclassified consequently. Although much has been written about the societal, economic and environmental facets of sustainable development, what constitutes a sustainable, green, healthy or ecology-friendly edifice remains a affair of point of view. Hong Kong is a semitropical, high-density and high-rise community. In this context, HK-BEAM positions sustainable edifice as embrace ( in order of precedence ) safety, wellness, comfort, map and efficiency while protecting local, regional and planetary ecosystems during building and operational life-times. HK-BEAM Plus therefore integrates facets including: Hygiene, wellness, comfort and agreeableness ; Land usage, site impacts and conveyance ; Use of stuffs, recycling and waste ; Water quality, preservation and recycling ; and Energy efficiency and preservation.1.2 Purposes and AimsThe purpose of this survey is to place suited attack in the development of sustainable edifices in Hong Kong. The following are the aims: To comprehensively reexamine the historical background and the recent development of Sustainable Buildings To reexamine authorities attempts and their effectivity in the publicity of Sustainable Buildings ; To place the major Barriers in the development of sustainable edifices ; To research possible ways to get the better of these barriers ; To analyze which type ( s ) of sustainability could be adopted in Hong Kong and how they could be implemented.1.3 Research Methodology1.3.1 Literature reappraisal Literature reappraisal for the constructs of sustainable edifices. And their features in development every bit good as the development of the environmental protection policies of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Relevant information can be obtained from library, authorities governments, the Internet and professional organic structures concerned. 1.3.2 Case surveies Case surveies to exemplify the practical execution of sustainable edifices development in Hong Kong. 1.3.3 Interviews Interviews with belongings developers and built environment professionals who own and have participated in sustainable edifices to understand the aims and characteristics of these belongingss. 1.3.4 Questionnaire study Questionnaire study among project squad practicians to roll up sentiments from another class of sustainable edifice stakeholders.1.4 Restrictions of the StudyAvailability and truth of relevant information ; Response rate of questionnaire study ; Willingness of targeted interviewees ; Personal restrictions e.g. clip and resources.1.5 Summary of DissertationPhase 1 Literature Review Reappraisal on the relevant books, diaries, and articles sing the construct of development of sustainable edifices in Hong Kong. The intent of the literature criterions reviews to place â€Å" development of sustainable edifices † in Hong Kong. Phase 2 Questionnaire Surveys and Conduct of interview Questionnaire Surveys 1. Deliver questionnaires. 2. Analysis of the studies result. 3. Compare happening and drumhead, cross-checking for any correlativity. Questionnaire study was carried out to look into the consciousness of the general populace and their position. Phase 3 Case Study Case surveies will be employed in order to acquire more inside informations from the building subdivision in order to place the demand and contents of the current sustainable edifices in Hong Kong. Phase 4 Discussion and Conclusions The major barriers confronting the development and execution of sustainable edifices in Hong Kong. Explore possible ways to get the better of these barriers. Examine which type ( s ) of sustainability could be adopted in Hong Kong and how they could be implemented.Chapter 2 Literature Review2.1 Introduction2.1.1 The effects of planetary heating The effects of planetary heating are in some ways less definable than the causes. It seems uneven that such immense manifestations of alteration such as lifting sea degrees, glacier retreat, and Arctic shrinking someway manage to filtrate down so that when members of western civilisation safely tucked away in places and flats look at the effects they are so distant as to go unseeable. What we may good bear watching are the effects of the effects of planetary heating. These secondary consequences are so non-linear as to be a random crop of environmental and economic quandary that, when to the full formed and in topographic point nowadays a unequivocal short-run danger. Let us one time once more follow a concatenation of events so as to be able to wholly visualize the graduated table and range of the job. 2.1.2 Sustainable Building A sustainable edifice provides a quality life agreeableness for its users and neighbors in footings of societal, environmental and economic facets while minimising environmental impact at the local, regional and planetary degrees throughout its full life rhythm. The edifices in which we live, work and play protect us from Nature ‘s extremes. Yet, they besides affect our wellness and environment in infinite ways. The design, building, direction and remotion of edifices take tremendous sums of energy, H2O and stuffs, and bring forth big measures of waste, air and H2O pollution. Buildings besides develop their ain indoor environments, which present an array of wellness challenges. Where and how they are built and managed affects wildlife home ground and corridors and the hydrologic rhythm, while act uponing the overall quality of human life ( U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2005 ) . As the environmental impact of edifices become more evident, issues about â€Å" green edifices † are deriving impulse. Green edifices are designed, constructed and operated to hike environmental, economic, wellness and productiveness public presentation over that of conventional edifices ( U.S. Green Building Council, 2002 ) . The benefits of edifice green include cost nest eggs from reduced energy, H2O and waste ; lower operation and care costs ; and enhanced occupant productiveness and wellness. Sustainable building techniques provide an ethical and practical response to issues of environmental impact and resource ingestion. Sustainability premises encompass the full life rhythm of the edifice and its component constituents, from resource extraction through disposal at the terminal of the stuffs ‘ utile life. High-performance green edifice design relies on renewable resources for energy systems ; recycling and reuse of H2O and stuffs, integrating of native and altered species for landscaping ; inactive warming, chilling and airing ; and other attacks that minimize environmental impact and resource ingestion ( Kibert, 2005 ) . A label of edifice quality HK-BEAM provides a individual public presentation label for overall edifice quality in regard of safety, wellness and comfort ( of import to users, residents, purchasers and renters ) , and the environment and society ( of import to the community as a whole ) . Clients finally decide on the virtues of enfranchisement, but appraisals assure quality – non as a subjective promise but as a mensural world. HK-BEAM is noteworthy in that new edifices are non to the full certified until they are complete. This came approximately by popular demand from clients to guarantee that design and building patterns are really implemented and reflected in the concluding certification for the reinforced merchandise. Buildings that are planned, built, commissioned and maintained to HK-BEAM criterions are safe, healthy, comfy, efficient and productive with lower environmental impacts. Whole-life rhythm for all edifice types HK-BEAM buttockss public presentation across the whole life rhythm utilizing two criterions: HK-BEAM for new edifice developments, which covers planning, design, building, commissioning and renovation ; and HK-BEAM for bing premises, concentrating on direction, operation and care. Appraisals encourage elaborate design analysis, utilizing computer-aided tools including computational fluid kineticss to foretell undertaking facets such as the awaited microclimate. Design is merely one phase of the development procedure, nevertheless. HK-BEAM besides helps to concentrate attending during building and operation so that the design purpose can be fulfilled, and it besides provides feedback so that plans fitting building and operational demands. All edifices under individual ownership can be assessed utilizing HK-BEAM, including commercial, residential, retail, catering, industrial, educational, institutional and hotel edifices. Any mix of cardinal chilling, mechanical airing or natural airing is catered for, whether to the shell or fitted out. In all instances, HK-BEAM focuses on what the interior decorator, builder and commissioning agent can accomplish.2.2 The historical background and the recent development of Sustainable BuildingsIn Hong Kong, green edifice is no n a well-known term until the recent old ages when the environmental impacts has reached an alarming phase. To understand the development of different constructing types in Hong Kong can assist to understand more about green edifice construct. Furthermore, edifice development in Hong Kong, peculiarly for green commercial edifices, should be investigated so that a general image of green edifice in Hong Kong can be provided. This would do the probe of green edifice policy more complete and thorough. Beatley ( 2000 ) admits that the green design and intelligent edifices have drawn great attending and involvements of the society including authorities and besides private sectors in recent old ages merely. The ground for Hong Kong to follow the construct of green edifice is to avoid big amount of outgo on edifices ‘ energy ingestion, peculiarly in the commercial sector Air-conditioned offices started to spread out in the sixtiess when Hong Kong begins its economic development. Energ y was relatively inexpensive and issues related to energy were non taken into consideration by interior interior decorators and designers. Energy-efficient edifices were so demanded in the 1970s after the oil trade stoppage incident in 1973. However, the over-responsive cutback in seeking to cut down energy usage led to ‘sick edifice ‘ every bit good as ‘sick constructing syndrome ‘ . Intelligent edifice which came right after was besides abandoned due to the deficiency of well-trained proficient staff. Finally, the thought of green edifice is bit by bit being adopted ( Chan, Burnett & A ; Jones, 2000 ) . Early on as in 1992, the United Nations revealed a coder related to sustainable development, which is the Agenda 21. It is a comprehensive design of action to be taken in response of all worlds ‘ impact on the environment. In the building industry, Agenda 21 calls for ecologically sound land-use policies, energy-efficient design, an increased input of locally available resources and the valorisation of traditional and autochthonal edifice techniques. Cooperation among authorities and non-government entities are called upon in cut downing the cost of edifice stuffs for low-income citizens and to advance the usage of labor-intensive patterns in order to bring forth employment ( United Nations, 1992 ) . In Hong Kong, the ‘Green Building Movement ‘ was initiated by the Government to advance green and advanced edifice. This motion was launched to convey forth the construct of environmentally friendly design. Hong Kong faces significant addition in population every twelvemonth and the life environment is the major concern for all. Merely if the environmental protection steps being widely implemented, the life environment can so be ensured. Therefore, there is a turning concern of the environmental public presentation in Hong Kong ( Smith, 1999 ) .2.3 Government attempts and their effectivity in the publicity of Sustainable Buildings2.3.1 Legislative model Assorted sections are involved in doing and implementing policy refering environmental protection. The Advisory Council on the Environment ( ACE ) advises the Government on steps for the bar and suspension of pollution. The Environmental Campaign Committee organizes events in Hong Kong to advance community environmental consciousness and administers portion of the Environment and Conservation Fund. The Environmental Protection Department formulates policies and grips specific environmental issues. Each of the Ordinances regulates activities of a peculiar field. Those related to the building industry include The Noise Control Ordinance The Air Pollution Control Ordinance The Water Pollution Control Ordinance The Waste Disposal Ordinance The Dumping at Sea Ordinance The Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation Other authorities sections such as Planning Department, Civil Engineering Department and Buildings Departments all work together at different building stages to heighten Hong Kong edifice environment. Basically, Buildings Department is the chief organic structure to advance the quality of edifice developments. Through administrating and implementing the Buildings Ordinance ( BO ) , it takes a prima function and recommend a joint attempt with the edifice industry and other authorities sections or bureaus to advance a sustainable built environment in Hong Kong ; implements good patterns of green direction in our workplace ; and raises the consciousness of the populace of the importance of a sustainable environment in our community. 2.3.2 Green edifice policies Different types of green edifice policy instruments are used by Hong Kong authorities to advance green edifice and restricting environmental amendss of edifice ( Chan, Burnett & A ; Jones, 2000 ) . All of them come together to organize the footing of green constructing policies in Hong Kong. 2.3.3 Joint Practice Notes The Buildings Department, Lands Department and the Planning Department jointly issued Joint Practice Notes ( JPN ) No. 1 in February in 2001 and JPN No.2 in February in 2002. The Joint Practice Notes No. 1 sets out the inducements to promote the incorporation of specific green characteristics in edifice development, such as, Balconies, Wider common corridors and lift anterooms, Communal sky gardens, Communal dais gardens, Acoustic fives, Awnings and reflectors, and Flying walls, air current backstops and funnels. These characteristics will be exempted from Gross Floor Area ( GFA ) and Site Coverage ( SC ) computations. In JPN No. 2, farther add-on of green characteristics is made. They include: non-structural prefabricated external walls, public-service corporation platforms mail bringing suites with letter boxs, noise barriers, and communal sky gardens for non-residential edifices. There are wholly eleven specific types of green characteristics which can use for freedoms from gross floor country and/or site coverage in new edifices. The inducements on green edifice characteristics served as accelerators to trip off impulse and desire for environmentally friendly edifice developments ( Wu, 2004 ) . They are initial stairss in accomplishing green edifice in Hong Kong by promoting interior decorators and developers from following environmentally friendly characteristics in edifice developments. It is an constituted authorities policy to promote and advance the building of green and advanced edifices ( Government Press Release LCQ 9, 2006 ) . Capable to the relevant rental conditions, payment of premium may be required in regard of the freedom of GFA of the relevant type of green characteristics ( Government Press Release LCQ 16, 2006 ) . Green features which form portion of the single flats in the edifice and are for the sole ownership and enjoyment of the proprietors and occupants of these single flats would pull premium, i.e. including balconies, public-service corporation platforms and non-structural prefabricated external walls. Other green characteristics which are communal in nature and serve all proprietors and occupants of the development e.g. wider common corridors and lift anterooms, communal sky gardens and mail bringing room with mail boxes do non pull payment of premium. 2.3.4 Guidelines In add-on to the JPNs, there are other issues to advance green edifices. A figure of Practice Notes for Authorized Persons and Registered Structural Engineers associating to environmentally friendly design and building and Code of Practice are issued to help in clear uping uncertainnesss that the professionals may meet in run intoing the environmental criterions in building industry. These codifications are adapted from clip to clip in order to suit the statute law. However, they do non hold legal powers but merely function as an reading of the statute law from the position of authorities and supply waies for people to follow. 2.3.5 Energy efficiency ordinance in commercial edifice The Building ( Energy Efficiency ) Regulations was enacted in 21/9/2012 to modulate commercial and hotel edifices. Buildings are designed and constructed as to accomplish energy efficiency to the satisfaction of Building Authority. The Building Envelope codification, which imposes suited OTTV ( Overall Thermal Transfer Value ) , has been linked with the Building ( Energy Efficiency ) Regulation under the Building Ordinance. They come together to organize a compulsory demand for new commercial and hotel edifices. Hong Kong ‘s proposed Mandatory Building Energy Codes ( 2008 ) will necessitate new commercial edifices and the communal countries of new residential and industrial edifices in both the private and public sectors, every bit good as major retro-fitting plants in bing edifices to follow with the Building Energy Codes promulgated by the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department. Energy audits would be required for certain edifices for every 10 old ages. To complement the proposed legislative strategy, edifices that have exceeded the lower limit edifice energy efficiency criterions by a prescribed per centum will be complemented with an energy grade through a voluntary administrative strategy. 2.3.6 Gross floor country ( GFA ) grants Friday 1st April Markss a historical twenty-four hours in Hong Kong ‘s advancement towards more sustainable, low-carbon and environmentally responsible edifices. From today, developers that seek gross floor country ( GFA ) grants for green characteristics in their new edifices are required to undergo BEAM Plus green constructing enfranchisement by the Hong Kong Green Building Council ( HKGBC ) , assisting to better public presentation in the countries of energy, H2O, stuffs, waste, indoor environment and impacts on the vicinity. Other new demands include declaration of the edifice ‘s predicted energy ingestion, increased countries of planting and rejuvenation, and sweetening of the streetscape and urban air airing around their sites. The grants available, holding met these new demands, are now capped at a maximal 10 % . The fact that these new steps are compulsory represents a elephantine measure frontward for Hong Kong on the universe green edifice phase. However the significance of this – and the benefits to the quality of our built environment – has mostly been lost in the broader public argument on Hong Kong ‘s development patterns. Escalating concerns about planetary heating and recent events in Japan besides remind us of the effects on communities that can originate from supplying the energy that we are all dependent upon. We have to retrieve that the most cost effectual ( and environmentally responsible ) manner to cut down our C emanations is to forestall energy wastage. Hong Kong ‘s edifices consume 90 % of our electricity and are the beginning of 67 % of our C emanations. Every edifice in Hong Kong ( and there are more than 40,000 ) can profit from energy salvaging steps both during their twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours usage and besides their redevelopment and renovation. This presents alone chances for us non merely in footings of cut downing our C footmark, but besides in adding to the economic system through new merchandises and services and making a more healthy environment and an even better topographic point to populate. HKGBC applauds the Government for the steps being introduced today as an of import measure on our way to a more sustainable built environment. We besides encourage the community as a whole to encompass the same finding in heightening their edifices ‘ public presentation. ( Andrew Chan, 2011 ) 2.3.7 Other commissariats Besides the issue of different notes, codifications and guidelines, Government has besides launched other plans to stress the importance of sustainability of a edifice. A figure of enterprises on edifice safety and timely care, such as advancing clearance of unauthorised edifice plants ; a public audience papers on â€Å" Building Management and Maintenance † was issued to make green enterprises. A Comprehensive Environmental Performance Assessment Scheme ( CEPAS ) for evaluation and benchmarking the environmental public presentation of edifice developments in Hong Kong will be produced. CEPAS aims to be bespoke for state of affairss in Hong Kong. These are hoped to supply driving force to the industry every bit good as edifice proprietors to follow green edifice characteristics in their edifice developments.2.4 Major Barriers in the development of sustainable edificesâ€Å" 70 % of Hong Kong developers and landlords believe the authorities is non providing sufficient regulative constructions to advance sustainability in the real-estate sector. † ( Ina Pozon 2010 ) In many states, renter penchant has been the chief driver behind the â€Å" rejuvenation † of edifices. In Asia, transnational companies, normally the ground tackle renters of new commercial edifices encourage their property-management sections to contract new rentals in green edifices. Lucy Carmody, executive manager of Responsible Research, an environment, societal and administration ( ESG ) research outfit that in early 2010 released an investor study on green edifices in Asia, points out that the real-estate industry in Hong Kong â€Å" suffers from a deficit of supply of the type of edifices which are in demand by both local leading companies and MNCs [ transnational corporations ] . † Alongside the perceptual experience of higher upfront costs, Carmody identifies the deficit of sites for new edifices as one key ground why sustainable-building enterprises have been slow to take off in Hong Kong. â€Å" The state of affairs in China is different due to a strong focal point on municipal-level sustainable metropolis planning, green financial stimulation and many MNCs looking for big, freshly built premises of the highest green specifications, † she says. Another analysis considers the split inducement between the developer/owner of a belongings and the renter, which has been labelled the â€Å" blasted game † . Put merely, there is deficient inducement for the developer to construct in more energy-efficient equipment, even if the costs are recouped over its life-time, as it is the renter – and non the developer – who benefits from lower electricity measures. Developers are normally under force per unit area to finish the undertaking in the shortest timeframe possible and at the lowest cost, and will merely see extra disbursement on engineering if this impacts the purchasing or renting determination. Low electricity duties, which fail to internalize the true environmental, wellness and other associated costs of production and distribution of power, do non incentivise investing in energy efficiency either, though this job is non peculiar to Hong Kong. Possibly the biggest obstruction to sustainability in Hong Kong ‘s edifice sector, nevertheless, is the deficiency of the sort of ordinance that can rectify market failures and signal to the relevant participants that greenhouse-gas and energy-efficiency issues are in fact stuff. A new energy-efficiency jurisprudence, known as the Building Energy Efficiency Bill, is presently pending but has already been criticised by environmental administration Friends of the Earth ( FoE ) as being â€Å" nil more than a fig foliage † . The illuming preservation criterions for offices, eating houses and edifice atria adopted in the measure slowdown behind other states. Take the criterions for office lighting as an illustration: the measure recommends a upper limit of 17 Wattss per square meter, good above the 7 Wattss per square meter applied in Australia and the 10.8 Wattss per square meter mandated in India.A â€Å" The energy preservation criterion for illuming in the Mandatory Building Energy Codes ( MBEC ) for Hong Kong is of a developing-country criterion that falls far behind mainland China and India, † says Edwin Lau, manager of FoE Hong Kong. â€Å" So we are dubious of our authorities ‘s committedness in conserving energy for the environment. † How does the Hong Kong authorities justify following criterions lower than those in mainland China or India? While there is no direct reply to this inquiry, portion of the account can possibly be gleaned from the stakeholder-engagement procedure for the MBEC launched in December 2007, as documented in a study from the Climate Change Business Forum ( CCBF ) , an enterprise that aims to acquire Hong Kong ‘s concerns to join forces on undertaking clime alteration. While the audience involved a big figure of groups runing from members of the populace to professional administrations, the information gathered and the methodological analysis employed in analyzing the responses were mostly untransparent. Harmonizing to the CCBF study, â€Å" Respondents have non been segregated or analysed by group or vested involvement despite an evident prejudice in the audience towards belongings developers, proprietors and directors. In add-on the premises behind authorities statements sing the nest eggs, costs and benefits of the proposed efficiency degrees have non been published. †2.5 Possible ways to get the better of these barriersIn the absence of authorities ordinances, the industry, led by belongings developers Swire Properties and Hong Kong Land, set together voluntary enterprises including the Hong Kong Building Environmental Assessment Method ( HK BEAM ) enfranchisement, which aims to mensurate, better and label the environmental public presentation of edifices. It was inspired by a similar green-building evaluation system in the United Kingdom, the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method ( BREEAM ) . As of October 2009, HK BEAM had provided acknowledgmen t for enhanced edifice public presentation to about 200 Hong Kong belongingss, tantamount to 9 million square meters and 50,000 residential units. In 2009, four industry leaders- The Construction Industry Council, the Business Environment Council, the BEAM Society and the Professional Green Building Council – came together to set up the Hong Kong Green Building Council, which aims to prosecute stakeholders and Foster greater apprehension of green constructing issues. The Council, supported by the Hong Kong Development Bureau, will take the lead in revamping voluntary green constructing labelling strategies and anteroom for sustainable enterprises such as energy codifications. Experts in the industry are clear, nevertheless, that voluntary enterprises are no replacement for ordinance. A 2009 study conducted by belongings services house Jones Lang LaSalle indicates that 70 % of Hong Kong developers and landlords believe the authorities is non providing sufficient regulative constructions to advance sustainability in the real-estate sector. However, this may alter as the authorities contemplates the acceptance of a territory-wide C mark of a 50 % to 60 % decrease in C strength by 2020, with edifice energy efficiency slated as a major priority.A The Jones Lang LaSalle study concludes that, while there is acknowledgment that developers and landlords play a critical function in advancing sustainability, the industry views authorities counsel as an indispensable supporting model. â€Å" The regulative model will necessitate a extremist inspection and repair to present important C decreases, † notes Liam Salter, main executive of RESET Carbon Management, a house that helps companies lower their C footmark, and one of the lead writers of the CCBF study. â€Å" The authorities has been peculiarly wary of modulating bing edifice stock and this will necessitate to alter. † ( Ina Pozon 2010 ) An implicit in purpose of this research undertaking was to works the seeds for a formal best pattern usher for get the better ofing the barriers to sustainable building and design. Through a research of building industry best pattern organisations, there does non presently exist a best pattern usher for sustainability. The best two ways to get the better of the barriers of sustainable building and design are experience in old undertakings and pre-project planning. Unfortunately, experience in old undertakings can non be taught in a formal preparation session, merely appreciated that get the better ofing the barriers to sustainable building will merely acquire easier as a company completes several undertakings. But, as with many barriers that exist to all stages of a undertaking, passing an extended sum of clip in the pre-project stage normally brings a high degree of success. A best pattern should decidedly be developed on the execution of the extended pre-project planning of sustain able undertakings. The three chief factors that contribute to Hong Kong constructing more sustainable undertakings were civilization and community influence, higher cost of energy, and more authorities ordinance. An interesting subject for farther survey to develop a best pattern usher for sustainability would be how can the remainder of the state make a similar civilization and community attitude to advance the success of constructing green? Or, what is the inspiration or beginning that causes Hong Kong to hold such a strong community push for sustainable design and building? Almost all of the responses from Asiatic were the highest ranking for community and civilization influence. If sustainability is measured in a edifice ‘s lastingness and life span, another interesting subject for farther research and survey would be to execute a correlativity survey between constructing life span and sustainability. If a edifice lasts twice every bit long as another edifice, so technically, is the edifice twice every bit sustainable as another since it does non hold to be rebuilt? How can companies advance the usage of stuffs that last up to 100 old ages or more? Most Bridgess in the United States were built to merely last 50 old ages, but there are many constructions around the universe that have been standing for a 1000 old ages. Surely, a span that has to be built 20 times to last 1000 old ages is non really sustainable, no affair how many sustainable merchandises are used in its building. How may the precedences of sustainable building alteration in the hereafter? Though an huge sum of stuff was organized, cross-referenced, and analyzed for this research undertaking, there still exists an unbelievable sum of informations that has non been addressed. Further more focussed and intensive research could be acquired through the usage of personal interviews with the Hong Kong contractors that took portion in this research. Besides, outside of this text, farther research could be studied refering more specific inside informations of get the better ofing the barriers to sustainable building and design.2.6 Sustainability could be adopted in Hong Kong and how they could be implementedRenewable Energy Energy-efficient Lighting High Performance Building Envelopes Variable-frequency Chiller Systems Heat Recovery Systems Automatic Fresh Air Systems Maximizing daytime and commanding solar addition – Electric illuming energy usage is reduced by tenancy and daylight detectors and low energy adjustments wherever possible. The cardinal three floor glazed street is protected by brise-soleil on the southern facade. Solar control glass is employed on the remainder of the south facing glazing. Visible sustainability ‘ – It is non really common for edifice works to be put on show, but the college wanted to actively promote its pupils to take an involvement in the environment through the usage of ‘visual ‘ sustainability. Consequently the energy Centre is placed in a outstanding public location at the forepart of the edifice, with big glassy panels leting good positions of the Biomass boiler. An LCD show resides in the chief entryway to expose and supervise the public presentation of the PV panels and air current turbine, besides associating this to its web site. It is understood that since opening the new college has attracted a higher quality of pupil. Biomass – The Biomass boiler can utilize wood pellets or french friess as the fuel beginning. Though wood bit is being used ab initio. The fuel is sustainable and about C impersonal. The boiler provides 80 % of the Heating and domestic hot H2O maximal demand, with gas boilers supplying the balance ‘peak ‘ burden. Natural airing – The edifice is preponderantly of course ventilated, and Windowss and equipment linked to the edifice direction system ( BMS ) control warming and chilling. Most of the learning cods off of the chief atrium have exposed precast concrete board ceilings. These provide thermic mass to assist to chair temperature alterations. Night-time chilling is achieved via high degree Windowss linked to the BMS. Photovoltaic glass and Wind turbine – The front entryway is about to the full glazed with photovoltaic laminate. In combination with the solar control glazing, the dense agreement of the PVs every bit good as making electricity, besides contributes to restricting solar addition. A air current turbine takes advantage of the site ‘s lift. The turbine and PV ‘s between them generate a respectable sum of power for the college. In between term times, these installings will go on to supply energy back to the National Grid, therefore constructing up an extra economy on energy costs for the College. Sustainable drainage – Due to the impermeable clay dirts leting small soaking up and hapless environing drainage substructure, a big figure of fading armored combat vehicles and swales have been installed to maintain the H2O on site.. Rainwater Harvesting – Rain is stored in an 8400 liter armored combat vehicle and used for blushing lavatories in the instruction block. This can be topped up from the brinies if required in a drouth. The armored combat vehicle storage is besides designed for fire brigade usage if required. Materials – Many achieved an ‘A ‘ evaluation in the Building Research Establishments ( BRE ) Green usher to specification. This usher gives counsel on best environmental picks – stuffs and constituents on an elemental footing, It assess from ‘Cradle to Grave ‘ on A+ to E ranking. It is now available free online to assessors, clients and design squadsChapter 3 Research Methodology3.1 IntroductionFor this thesis, the purposes are to place suited attack in the development of sustainable edifices in Hong Kong. Therefore, a research should be carried out to happen out the existent state of affairs of the development of sustainable edifices and so compare with the point of position from the literature reappraisal. Actually, the purposes of the research are as follow: Find out the degree of cognition of sustainable edifices in Hong Kong. Find out the authorities policy can be efficaciously to development of sustainable edifices in Hong Kong3.2 Background of Research MethodologyFor the method of research methodological analysis, there are chiefly two methods of research. They are 1. Qualitative method and 2. Quantitative method. In fact, these two methods have their advantages and disadvantages. First, Strauss ( 1987 ) states that qualitative methods emphasize the usage of descriptions and classs, derived from the experiences of people, as a agency of understanding and explicating phenomena. Through the usage of open-ended interviews, focal point groups, participant observation/ethnography, documental stuffs, and behavioural studies, qualitative methods engage research inquiries through inductive logical thinking and â€Å" grounded theory † . Like the attack of quantitative methodological analysis, qualitative methods rely on a systematic and structured attack to data aggregation, organisation, and analysis. In this manner, qualitative methods can be understood as more than a auxiliary option to carry oning quantitative research. Qualitative methods frequently consist of words that describe an experience or feeling from the point of position of the people being studied. However, the observations and experiences related by plan directors and undertaking staff are besides an of import portion of the qualitative methodological analysis. Some normally used qualitative methods are focus groups and cognition, attitudes, and patterns studies. On the other manus, Strauss ( 1987 ) states that quantitative methods emphasize the usage of Numberss and statistics to understand and explicate phenomena. In this attack, replies to denumerable inquiries are derived through the aggregation of numerical informations. Quantitative methods enable research workers and practicians to better understand societal constructions and to do general statements over broad populations on a figure of societal subjects runing from infant mortality to unemployment. Numerical data supply an chance to originate correlativity surveies, and to track alterations over clip. For case, quantitative methods can be used to find the figure of behaviour alteration communicating messages prepared, the figure of rubbers distributed, or the figure or frequence of clinical services delivered. Quantitative methods can besides be in the signifier of studies that seek numerical information that can take to a better apprehension of how to carry on programmatic work.3.3 Limitation of ResearchPractically, all the research methods have their ain advantages. On the other manus, they besides have their ain restrictions. In this portion, it will analysis the restriction of the sing three research methods ( Case Study, Questionnaire Survey and interview ) .Case Study:The major restriction of instance survey method for this thesis is the information may be limited to one building contract merely. It is because instance survey can give more item of informations to be analysis. Therefore, it can non roll up the information from excessively many sites within the limited clip to be completed. Furthermore, the consequences of instance survey may non generalise to others. In fact, the information or consequence may non be applied to other building site. It can merely reflect the existent state of affairs of the sing site to be research. For illustration, the information of edifice plants can non be applied to civil work or redevelopment plants.Questionnaire Survey:For the questionnaire study, the restriction is that the gathered information is non so much item compared with instance survey. But it can reflect the existent state of affairs or sentiment from different professionals or other workers. Apart from this, the informations to be collected may hold some mistakes because the respondent may non cognize the issue on Sustainable Buildings in Hong Kong. Then he or she may give the incorrect reply in the questionnaire and therefore the informations analysis may hold some mistakes.InterviewInadequate information: There are certain affairs which can be written in privateness but about which 1 does non talk before others. If these affairs are capable of an interview, the likeliness is that merely a cloaked version of these will be presented. Again, there are people who are temperamentally unable to discourse things though they are powerful authors. These individuals are besides improbable to show true facts in an interview. Defects due to interviewee: If an interviewee is of low degree intelligence he is unfit to give right information. Some individuals are in the wont of speaking in around about mode and it is impossible to decode what they say.3. Biass of Interviewer: The biass of interviewers are every bit much job of research as are the insufficiencies of the interviewees. If the interviewer is unable to stamp down his biass, his apprehension and reading of the information given in interview will be faulty. Nonreversible and uncomplete research: In the interview, certain facets of human behavior acquire over-emphasized at the disbursal of others. There is a inclination to give excessively much importance to personal factors and minimise the function of the environment factors. For these grounds, the research by interview is apt to endure from one-sidedness. Interviewing is an art instead than scientific discipline: Another restriction of interview method is that its processs can non be standardized ; there is excessively much room for improvizing. The success of an interview is more due to skill and tact than due to knowledge. However, the success in interview depends entirely on the intelligence and accomplishment of the interviewer. Therefore, the method of interview is more an art than scientific discipline. Trouble in Carrying the Interviewee: Many people are unwilling to take part in interviews. Under these fortunes, the first job before the interviewer is to carry the prospective interviewee to widen his cooperation for the research undertaking and hold for being interviewed.3.4 Choose of ResearchRefer to the restriction of research. There are really two research methods to find the existent state of affairs of development of sustainable edifices in Hong Kong issues in this thesis. They are 1. Case Study and 2. Questionnaire Survey. For instance survey, it is a qualitative method. On the other manus, questionnaire study is a quantitative method.Case Study:This instance survey is used to look into the existent status of development of sustainable edifices in Hong Kong. The research will happen out the authorities attempts and their effectivity in the publicity of Sustainable Buildings.Questionnaire Survey:This questionnaire study is to roll up the information and information under difference building site about sustainabl e edifices. This questionnaire study is used to happen out the existent state of affairs for the degree of cognition of sustainable edifices in Hong Kong. The questionnaire will be send to the individuals who are engaged in the building field. It will direct out approximative 50 nos. of questionnaire by electronic mail or by manus. Furthermore, the period of this study is about 2 months and the period is from Nov, 2012 to Jan, 2013.3.5 Detailss of the Questionnaire SurveyHarmonizing to Appendix 1 and for the inside informations of the questionnaire study, it contains entire 25 inquiries to be answered. By and large, it divides in 5 parts. The constructions of the questionnaire are as follow:PartQuestionDescription1 1 to 5 Personal informations of those invited respondents. 2 6 to 10 Historical background and the recent development of Sustainable Buildings. 3 11 to 15 Government attempts and their effectivity in the publicity of Sustainable Buildings. 4 16 to 20 Major Barriers and possible ways to get the better of in the development of sustainable edifices. 5 21 to 25 Explore possible ways to get the better of these barriers.Table 1: Structures of the Questionnaire SurveyHarmonizing to the Table 1, portion 1 is to roll up the general information of the respondent. Separate 1 contains 5 inquiries. It chiefly includes the personal information of the respondent sing the building house who are engaged and the working experience of the respondent. It is used to roll up the information of respondent from different building house and different working experience in building field. Furthermore, if the respondent has more on the job experience in building field, the credibleness is higher. Furthermore, for portion 2, it contains 5 inquiries. The purpose of this portion is to roll up the cognition of the respondent which is knowledge the historical background and the recent development of Sustainable Buildings Furthermore, there are 5 inquiries in portion 3. It is used to reexamine the authorities attempts and their effectivity in the publicity of Sustainable Buildings. Furthermore, there are 5 inquiries in portion 4. It is used to reexamine the major Barriers in the development of sustainable edifices and possible ways to get the better of these barriers. Last, there are 5 inquiries in portion 5. It is used to roll up the type ( s ) of sustainability could be adopted in Hong Kong and how they could be implemented