Religion Accroding to Class Structure :: Islam Religion Religious Class Essays

Religion Accroding to frame Structure In The Arab World Society, Culture and State, Halim Barakat discusses the effect morality has on society within the Arab world. Religion is the most world-shaking force shaping marrow Eastern societies, For Barakat (119). This is because religion is both revolutionary and pacifying. The Middle East is divided into rigid social and economic structures, which creates tension among upper and lowers classes. One tries to bear on a system of inequality, which forces the other(a) to cope with poverty. Religion is utilize to serve the needs of both classes, to repress and to resist repression, in this way (130). The duality of religion can help explain the way modern societies in the Middle East function. Over the course of time, Islamic conquests resulted in the accumulation of a expectant deal of money in the hands of Muslims, so they lost the purity of the prophet (133). This divided society into classes the rich were subject with the ir status but the brusque were not. Religion was used to,perpetuate the richs existence as a class. The economic hardship the poor faced was warrant through religion and the porta of a better afterlife. Egypts twenty four di exigents, for example, were divided between the king, the military and the princes, leaving no land for the plurality. To prune his class status, the king told the people they did have land It was the twenty fifth district, and its place is in the kingdom of heaven (134). In this instance the king used religion as a coercive and repressive force, to serve his intentions (129). Rationalizing the poors poverty and the richs power through religion was a way Muslim rulers legitimize(d) and maintain(ed) the prevailing order (129). The way classes in the middle east practice religion is highly illustrative of class difference. Barakat makes a note between what he labels formalized religion, and popular religion the former is practiced in rich, urban areas, and the latter in less affluent, rural ones (126). He says authoritative religion stresses the value of strict interpretations of religious texts, monotheism, an absence of intermediaries between believers and God, and a close connection between religion and the ruling class. Popular religion, on the other hand, values interpretations of religious texts, personified saintly forces, spiritual inner selves, and does seek intermediaries between believers and God.Religion Accroding to Class Structure Islam Religion Religious Class EssaysReligion Accroding to Class Structure In The Arab World Society, Culture and State, Halim Barakat discusses the effect religion has on society within the Arab world. Religion is the most significant force shaping Middle Eastern societies, For Barakat (119). This is because religion is both revolutionary and pacifying. The Middle East is divided into rigid social and economic structures, which creates tension between upper and lowers classes. One tries to perpetuate a system of inequality, which forces the other to cope with poverty. Religion is used to serve the needs of both classes, to repress and to resist repression, in this way (130). The duality of religion can help explain the way modern societies in the Middle East function. Over the course of time, Islamic conquests resulted in the accumulation of a great deal of money in the hands of Muslims, so they lost the purity of the prophet (133). This divided society into classes the rich were content with their status but the poor were not. Religion was used to,perpetuate the richs existence as a class. The economic hardship the poor faced was justified through religion and the possibility of a better afterlife. Egypts twenty four districts, for example, were divided between the king, the military and the princes, leaving no land for the people. To justify his class status, the king told the people they did have land It was the twenty fifth district, and its place is in the kingdom of heaven (134). In this instance the king used religion as a coercive and repressive force, to serve his intentions (129). Rationalizing the poors poverty and the richs power through religion was a way Muslim rulers legitimize(d) and maintain(ed) the prevailing order (129). The way classes in the middle east practice religion is highly illustrative of class difference. Barakat makes a distinction between what he labels official religion, and popular religion the former is practiced in rich, urban areas, and the latter in less affluent, rural ones (126). He says official religion stresses the value of strict interpretations of religious texts, monotheism, an absence of intermediaries between believers and God, and a close connection between religion and the ruling class. Popular religion, on the other hand, values interpretations of religious texts, personified sacred forces, spiritual inner selves, and does seek intermediaries between believers and God.

Alls Fair In Love And War Essay -- Argument Argumentative Morals Pape

Alls Fair In Love And WarThe Political Realists ArgumentIs contend ever the right or wrong thing to do? Political Realists claim that war is just and permissible only when it is in the best interest of a state. Further, they argue moral philosophy has no place in determining the justifiability of war. In considering the legitimacy of war, I will first analyze one main argument in take for of Political Realism, after which I will critique the argument, which I provided in support of political realism.Political Realists clearly state that war is acceptable once it is in the states best interest to do so, and once embroiled in a war, a nation must employ all methods to ensure that victory is the culmination result (Morgenthau 14). They believe that war is an intractable part of an anarchical world system (War). And that it ought to be resorted to only if it makes sense in terms of subject area self-interest. While political realism is an intricate and highly developed doctrine, Pol itical Realists assert that its core propositions center on a strong rejection of applying moral concepts to the deliver of external relations (Ibid).Political realists denounce the idea of applying morality when discussing the justifiability of war for two main reasons. Firstly, political realists believe that only a superior and reliable international authoritative body can impose a moral system upon all nations (Lauleta 2). Secondly, realists assert that there is no overriding international function that enforces a putting green code of rules that apply to all nation states (Ibid) Therefore, by virtue of accepting these two main premises realists contend that we should not using up morality as a factor in considering the legitimacy of war.In arguing th... ... We can clearly see evidence of this whereby countries abide by international police forces. Therefore, it is safe to say that we do not need a world government to determine universal morality because other world organ izations are fitting of establishing common codes of conduct and laws.We have explored two counter arguments. Firstly, a common sense of morality among states does not require authority as a common basic morality, despite cultural diversity, is innate in every human being. Secondly, states participation in international organizations ensures that a common set of rules determining the justifiability of war can be applied to all states. Therefore, when states co-operate without a universal governmental body, they can arrive at some degree of commonality where international law is concerned. Therefore, in conclusion, we can evaluate war based on moral issues.

Lou Cannons Reagan :: essays research papers

Book Review Reagan by Lou waistPreliminary InformationThe book is titled Reagan. Lou waist is the author. There are 464 pages in the book, and it was published in 1982.Subject Matter/TopicReagan is a biography of former president Ronald Reagan, the 40th president of the joined States. The book discusses in detail all the events of his life, from his birth to his election to presidency.Point of View stem writes in the third person, largely aim narrator. He is compose not from the designate of view of a Reagan supporter or and employee of his administration, however from the perspective of an objective reporter. Cannon was the White House corespondent for The Washington Post. some of the book Cannon merely tells the facts of Reagans life without throwing in any of his own thoughts. maculation Reagan mostly deals with the positive aspects of Reagans life, Cannon doesnt faint-hearted away from talking about the negative parts of his life, such as his firing from his radio set announcing job. Cannon in like manner discusses Reagans many strokes as an actor, composition at the same time mentioning his successes too. Cannon writes about his political defeats, such as his failure to win nomination for president in 1976, while also writing about his many political victories, such as being elected regulator of California, and President of the United States. Overall, Cannon writes with a detached, objective point of view. He balances all of the positives and negatives of Reagans life, giving equal time to each.SummaryReagan is an in-depth biography of Ronald Reagan. This important biography explores every aspect of Reagans life, and all of his successes and failures. The rife theme in the book is that of Reagans determination and never give up attitude. Cannon begins the book by discussing Reagans humble beginnings. He was born(p) in the front bedroom of a five-bedroom flat above the general store where his founder worked, near Tampico, Illinois. He spent his childhood in a succession of small Indiana towns. His family was very poor, simply not quite living in poverty. They came close to being crushed by the Depression. His father, Jack Reagan, was an Irish-Catholic, but only their first son, Ronalds brother Neil, was baptized a Catholic. Jack was a hard-worker, but struggled with alcoholism throughout his life. His mother Nelle was a very lesson and dignified woman. She encouraged her children to get a good education so they could have a better life.Lou Cannons Reagan essays research papersBook Review Reagan by Lou CannonPreliminary InformationThe book is titled Reagan. Lou Cannon is the author. There are 464 pages in the book, and it was published in 1982.Subject Matter/TopicReagan is a biography of former president Ronald Reagan, the 40th president of the United States. The book discusses in detail all the events of his life, from his birth to his election to presidency.Point of ViewCannon writes in the third person, largel y objective narrator. He is writing not from the point of view of a Reagan supporter or and employee of his administration, but from the perspective of an objective reporter. Cannon was the White House corespondent for The Washington Post. Most of the book Cannon merely tells the facts of Reagans life without throwing in any of his own thoughts. While Reagan mostly deals with the positive aspects of Reagans life, Cannon doesnt shy away from talking about the negative parts of his life, such as his firing from his radio announcing job. Cannon also discusses Reagans many failures as an actor, while at the same time mentioning his successes too. Cannon writes about his political defeats, such as his failure to win nomination for president in 1976, while also writing about his many political victories, such as being elected governor of California, and President of the United States. Overall, Cannon writes with a detached, objective point of view. He balances all of the positives and neg atives of Reagans life, giving equal time to each.SummaryReagan is an in-depth biography of Ronald Reagan. This definitive biography explores every aspect of Reagans life, and all of his successes and failures. The overriding theme in the book is that of Reagans determination and never give up attitude. Cannon begins the book by discussing Reagans humble beginnings. He was born in the front bedroom of a five-bedroom flat above the general store where his father worked, near Tampico, Illinois. He spent his childhood in a succession of small Indiana towns. His family was very poor, but not quite living in poverty. They came close to being crushed by the Depression. His father, Jack Reagan, was an Irish-Catholic, but only their first son, Ronalds brother Neil, was baptized a Catholic. Jack was a hard-worker, but struggled with alcoholism throughout his life. His mother Nelle was a very moral and dignified woman. She encouraged her children to get a good education so they could have a b etter life.

The Manhattan Project Essay -- American History

The Manhattan ProjectThe Manhattan Project was the code name of the Americas drive to construct an atomic bomb during World War II. It was named after the Manhattan Engineer District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, because a lot of its earlier look was done in New York City. An atomic bomb is a weapon that uses the energy from a nuclear reaction called Fission for its destruction. The idea that mass could be changed into energy was predicted by Albert Einstein in the earlier part of the 1900s. John D. Cockcroft and Ernest Walton confirmed this by experiments in 1932. Then in 1938, nuclear fission was discovered by German scientists, and it was feared by many of the U.S. scientists, that Hitler would try to kind a fission bomb. Three Hungarian-born physicists, Leo Szilard, Eugene Wigner, and Edward Teller asked Albert Einstein to send a earn to Franklin Roosevelt. Compelled by the letter in late 1939, Roosevelt ordered an effort to obtain an atomic weapon before Germany. At first, this program was led by Vannevar Bush, motion of the National Defense Research committee and the Office of Scientific Research and Development. Then it came under control of Leslie Groves of the Army Corps of Engineers. Groves quickly bought a spot in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, as a place for processing the Uranium-235 from the more common Uranium-238. Uranium-235 is used because it is fissionable, it releases many neutrons, and does not capture many. However, 99.3% of uranium in temper is the U-238 isotope, and only .7% is the lighter, more fissionable isotope U-235. Next, he gathered and combined research from many East Coast universities under direction of Arthur Compton, at the University of Chicago. He found theoretical physicist, J. Robert Oppenheimer as the director of the weapons laboratory, which was built on an isolated mesa located at Los Alamos, New Mexico. After much work, a porous restraint that could separate the isotopes of uranium was made, and it was install ed in the Oak ridge gaseous diffusion plant. In 1945, uranium-235, pure enough for use in a bomb was green groceries and sent to Los Alamos, where it was made into a gun-type weapon. One small piece of Uranium-235, which was not big enough to hold a chain reaction itself, was fired at another small piece. This was done by means of a explosive charge, inside a cylinder shaped tube, which for... ...he U.S. built thousands of atomic bombs, and different types of littler of fission weapons. A much more powerful bomb, the Hydrogen Bomb, became the leader of the U.S. nuclear arsenal. In general, the Hydrogen Bomb was like an atomic bomb with a Hydrogen fuel. The fuel would fusion (opposite of fission) from the bombs fission explosion, which would further strengthen the original fission, causing a much larger chain reaction. The get together States was the only nation that had atomic weapons in 1945. Then in 1949, the USSR learned how to make them. Great Britain followed in 1952, France in 1960, the Peoples Republic of china in 1964, and India (it was claimed that they were for peaceful purposes only) in 1974. In 1968, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty which was signed by the U.S., the USSR, and Britain. It set up precise requirements for any non-nuclear nations that want to build nuclear energy industries. However, several other countries are believed to have some nuclear weapons, like Israel and South Africa. North Korea, Iran , and Pakistan may be on the doorsill of nuclear discovery. When the Soviet Union broke up it added to risks of the spreading of nuclear power.

senior project :: essays research papers fc

Senior ProjectSenior Project Outline grounding Let the reader know what this Essay is about.I.What I already knowA.You will always have a meditate1.People always expect to buy a new house2.People always want to deal their old houseB.Becoming your take boss1.Setting your experience commission rates2.You will always be in chargeII.What I learnedA.How much you would use up1.The beginning rate2.How much you could shew up toB.What you need to bring forth a Real Estate Agent 1.A Salesman License2.Real Estate Brokers LicenseIII.The Advantages and Disadvantages of beingness in RealEstateA.What you would like most about your job1.Being your own boss2.You will always have a jobB.What you would like least about your job1.The long hours 2.And having to have a great deal of patienceConclusion Describe why I would this job.microphone SmithMR. SmithEXPOS. COMP. 12b17 March 2005BECOMING A REAL ESTATE AGENTHello my name is Mike Smith. I am here today to talkto you about becoming a Real Es tate Agent. I will letyou know everything you need to know about how to become aReal Estate Agent. Such as needing a license, the time andenergy you need to become the best Broker possible. Theguaranty of always having a job, within a matter of yearsbecoming your own boos by starting your own company,andwhatyou will earn in return for making peoples lives awhole lot better.The things I already know about Real Estate are asfollows. I know that you will never retire your job. Thereason why you will never lose your job is because peopleare always trying to buy a house or sell a house,or a pieceof their property etc.. You might not have a new clienteveryday but you will have at least one new job/client todeal with every week. Then after making enough sales youcame become your own boss. Which kernel once you become yourown boss you can make your own commission rates, the timestart working and how long you work, plus you get make yourown decisions about who to hire or fire, and who to h avebusiness with. But there is just one little thing aboutbeing your own boss that might take its toll on you whichwill be that when some thing goes wrong you will be theperson to blame nonexistence else but yourself because you will be the owner.The things I learned about becoming a Real EstateAgent. One of the things I learned about being a Real EstateAgent is how money you would make. So normally when youbegin in a Real Estate office you get 3% to 6% commission.

Automobile Safety - Slaughter on the Highways Essay -- Argumentative P

Slaughter on the Highways If there is peerless occasion that is by and large ignored in our society, it is the sheer slaughter that takes place daily on our bridle-paths and motorways/highways. It just doesnt get the same media and political attention as crime and drugs do, even though the number of road deaths is far greater than in both of these categories. When politi thunder mugs want to raise their popularity they nearly always talk about the high number of deaths from drugs and the like, and what measures they atomic number 18 going to introduce to bring these down. You rarely hear anything about major campagins to pore road deaths. There is no votes in road safety why ? - Because it just does not get the proper attention it deserves. If you piled up the bodies from just one year of road accidents, it would be called a massacre. If you look at the statistics and oppose them with all other categories, in practically every western nation, road deaths are the single bigges t killer of young people and then it is followed by other things like violent crime and drugs. The levels of the latter two are quite variable from country to country, but they are still always lower than road deaths. As an example, we will examine the statistics for Ireland, which would be reasonably average in that it lies in the middle of the best and worst of western nations. In Ireland which has a state of about 3.5 million people, around about 400 people are killed on the roads every year. This means over the course of just one year you have a 3,500,000/400 = 1 in 8750 chance of being killed. These odds are very high. If you thought you had these chances of winning the lotto, you would be delighted. The thing is, we are all in the road death lotto every day and we are f... ...in society. We simply should not accept things as they are. Why not aim for targets approaching zero or are you willing to say when your husband/wife or young daughter or son is killed that - Ah surf ace these are the risks we take for the convenience of the motorcar. Its at that point you will be wishing that all individuals in society had not been willing to take the risks and had acted to reduce them and prevent your personel tragedy. After all, dont we all act to reduce other risks, such as house fire insurance, which is a much lower risk ? These targets can be reached and there are almost limitless minor technical tricks that can be employed to help bring about that situation. In accompaniment maybe someone could make a start on the web site mentioned above and someone else produce the data for the booklet, (above also). The rest after that is largely politics

Innovations In English Language Teaching Essay

Within the inter-related fields of linguistics, psychology and specifically language learning it has been recognized that language acquisition depends on several cognitive and environmental aspects. When great(p) instruction in a foreign language, it is also necessary to consider the language of origin already mastered by the learner, as well as the peculiarities of culture that may interfere with or otherwise have an impact on the manner in which a given language is learned (Collier, 1995).In capital of Singapore, innovations in language learning based on these criteria have already been made, but implementation has posed a challenge (Tucker & Corson, 1997). The true language adroit has a deep understanding these barriers and must be prepared to come up with ideas that facilitate the change that drives the actual implementation of these innovative processes (Reza-Hernandez & Clifford, 2003 Garcia, 1994).In Singapore, English has been acknowledged as the language of business and c ommerce, and therefore it has become crucial for greater strides to be made in passing on its knowledge to the citizens (Tucker & Corson, 1997). Singapores national university has instituted such innovations as the creation of computerized databases that hold profiles of Singapore-based English as a method improving the research and development in the celestial sphere of English language teaching in the country (1997, p. 227).This type of research appears to enable language instructors to understand the general areas of English that need more or better instruction. Other innovations directly affecting Singapore include the new dictionary of Southeast Asian English as well as numerous conferences that promote the improvement of the language. This research hopes to add further innovations, including in the area of technology, that would build on the projects already begun and further levy the learning of the language in the country (Chapelle, 2003 Parker, 2007 Reza-Hernandez & Cliff ord, 2003 Klein et al. 2006).Research Objectives The aim of this research is to find new approaches to teaching English that can be easily implemented in the Singaporean context. These pass on include new instructional methods, teaching aids, and the use of technologies as an integral aspect of leave behinding the language experience to those who learn. Research Question How does collaborative learning, use the primary learners as mediators of the language, affect English language instruction in Singapore? MethodsThe major theme of the implementation strategies allow be the establishment of a familiarity of English language learners using a core group of English language institute savants as mediators of the language. The use of technology will enhance the project but not be the main focus. In community building, emphasis will be placed on building bridges between and among students of language-learning institution and other schools or groups within the community (Hones, 2000 Parker, 2007 Klein, et al. , 2006).Technology will come into play as computers and the internet will provide the means of fusion persons separated by distance. It will also be used to engage the participation of native speakers of English from the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and other English oral presentation countries of the world. Technology will also be used as a supplement to the activities per progress toed in the language-learning setting (Kamhi-Stein, 2000). The study will therefore take the form of an action research in which the use of existing educational software, games, and activities in English are used within an integrative context.This integrative context will involve the exposure of the language-learning institute students to activities with native speakers, which they will in turn pass on to a group of Singaporeans within a given communityperhaps children or youth group. The types of activities used will include the following internet word-searc hes and studies webquests (Teclahaimanot & Lamb, 2004) on- and offline word-game applications such as Scrabble watching and discussing movies in English version and discussing books in EnglishThese will be done together with volunteers from English speaking countries who will be instructed to maintain constant dialogue with the institute student about the activities for the duration of the session. Group chats as well as one-on-one conversations will be used. Later the student will be expected to impart the knowledge gained from the session to members of the community. Activities will be monitored via reports and observation in order to provide the data for the research.

Thinking About Diversity and Inclusion

Ethnic Groups atomic number 18 race, ethnicity, religion, and gender. According to University of Phoenix Understanding and Managing Diversity, Section I (2014), United States has forever and a day been a nation of Immigrants, with a mixture of ethnicities, races, and religions that have not al shipway lived and worked to contributeher amicably Having such(prenominal) a mixture of ethnical miscellany its surprising how fractious it is to end the Prejudice and Stereotypes. Race Is defined for minorities In two forms obvious differences Like hair ND skin color.Physical defined as prominent consistence parts equivalent the shape of a nose. According to University of Phoenix Racial and Ethnic Groups, Chi. 1 (2014), Society has defined what we flans obvious and physical. Ethnicity, be types of Orleans or distinctive cultural patterns in races In the united States Hispanics or Latino include Mexi support Americans like Puerco Rican and Cubans and kn aver to have Black or duster skin color. Religion Includes radicals Like the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Morons), Jehovah Witnesses, Amiss, Muslims, and Buddhists.The most nominate in the United States argon Protestants followed by papist Catholics. Gender Is simply male and female. I trace the most with the African American culture. I grew up in a very(prenominal) diverse neighborhood dominated by African Americans, Hispanic, and white. I lived In my neighborhood until I was 16 and to this day still have a strong bond with my puerility friends. We have gone through school together, gotten married together, and now we atomic number 18 having kids together. I olfactory property very fortunate to be part of such a diverse social circle. I find myself favoring the minority group because this is what is familiar o me.I believe this can make me sort of prejudice to outsiders that may not identify with my social circle. Our commonality was our parents were on a fixed budget, we werent able to vacation, and we were used to second hand clothes and material items like bikes. We every still where we came from and we alike knew we were all cool kids. We created a sentiwork forcetal bond that to this day Is very obvious when you see us together. Some stack notice a black man and white women and some people see two friends deeply connected. Diversity is defined by the various differences that exist among people.If a study employed 100 white women they are still diverse in age, educational experience and religious background. I believe society might not think 100 white women are diverse. Organizations seem to hire employees of early(a) races to give the observation they are diverse when they are already are. Inclusion is an advent that makes severally employee feel welcome and a part of the team. Organizations may seem diverse by meeting the racial quota but that doesnt mean the geological formation is an comprehensive work environment. In the oeuvre, organizations ar e shifting their views on diversity and Inclusion.Whereas 30 years ago, promoting women and minorities was the focus, todays message is positive and reflective. Many corporations ask internally, does every employee In our organization feel wanted (What Is the Difference toy 2 mission of if an employee isnt happy he or she wont be creative and productive. My organizations terminus is to make employees happy to get a Job well done. According to University of Phoenix Understanding and Managing Diversity, Section I (2014), Diversity is about business and the bottom line and about supplement the skills and talents of all employees to enable the organization to compete.Diversity is not about reaching quotas and hiring unqualified minorities for the sake of having diversity As the times change so should the direction of the facts of life to be successful. A favourable example of change was the passing of Equal Pay Act (1963) that males and females are paid the same wage for Jobs of eq ual skill and responsibility. It is challenge to create a workplace the supports proactive behavior and train employees to believe the story that supports the behavior. Employees want to feel they make a contribution to the organizational goal and not Just tolerated.This has veritable(a) employees in the 21st century the ability to choose their Jobs versus decades ago where minorities and women that may not have had a choice. My director thinks that men are more logical than women who tend to be more emotional. She manages me a woman and another coworker who is male. He tends to lack in his responsibilities and when he does not get in whole in our group projects I am very tactful at sharing his approach. My director has mentioned that women tend to hold grudges and cant let things roll of their backs like men do.She feels I am being negative towards my coworker but I only give feedback base on acts not assumptions. What she doesnt realize because of her personal beliefs s conti nues to make hapless business decisions based her emotions versus the facts. It is very frustrating to work alongside a person who doesnt give an honest work day. She has mentioned because my coworker comes from a good family (money) and had a college education he is worth the investment. I find this very prejudice behavior and have learned to use these types of experiences as a jibe to better my managing skills so hopefully I move up in the organization.Thinking About Diversity and InclusionWhat are the dimensions of cultural diversity? depict and briefly explain the dimensions by referencing both textbooks. There are primary and secondary dimensions of cultural diversity. The primary dimensions are the ones that are the thought of most when thought process about diversity. These are things that describe an individuals identity. The things included here are things such as age, gender, race, etc. If you are reflecting on the many ways your employees can vary (by race, gender, ag e, education, sexual orientation, geographic origin or employment, tenure), thats a mixture whose components are people, individuals categorized along multiple dimensions (Harvey & Allard, 2009 P. 12). The secondary dimensions are functions or organizational units.One may argue that functions are composed of individuals, which is true, but the general manager of multiple functions does not experience this as a mixture of people but rather as a mixture of organizational units (Harvey & Allard, 2009 P. 2). Some dimensions of cultural diversity are east to recognize, while other are not. We all should be very open to the meaning of diversity, and be looking for and sensitive to the differences in each other. With what ethnic, cultural, or other groups do you identify? Describe what segments of your social circle have in common. Although I only have a small percentage (3/8ths) of Cherokee Indian in me, I would say that it is the ethnic group that I identify with the most. The history, religion, and way of life of the inherent Americans have always fascinated me.Native Americans are very olympian people. They are also very connected with nature, and enjoy living off of the land. While there are many Indian reservations now that are very modern there are still many who stay true to their roots, and still live their lives as closely to the ways of their ancestors as possible. I feel that these roots are very strong and just having a trace if Native American blood in you is enough to keep your love of nature and enjoyment from being in the wild strong.Regardless of the way up-to-the-minute Native Americans live, the simple fact that this blood if flowing through their veins is something that all Native Americans are proud of, even ones like me who just have a small amount. What is the difference between diversity and inclusion? Diversity and inclusion are very closely related. Diversity represents having people of unalike races, genders, ages, disabilities, se xual orientation, color, native origins, religions, etc. together in a group. You can see diversity in just about every place you go.Think about flying on a commercial airplane. You leave behind most likely have a very diverse group of people flying with you. Just having a diverse group does not mean that all people in the group are treated equally, or valued for their abilities, and unique qualities. This is what inclusion is. So in the same example of flying on that commercial airplane, you would see inclusion in the treatment received by all persons on the plane from the flight attendants. You could very well see the lack of inclusion from some of the passengers on the plane as well.So the difference is that diversity is just having a group of different types of people together, and inclusion is the equal treatment and respect of each individual in the group. What is the importance of workplace diversity training? Workplace diversity training is extremely consequential. With th e rising number of minorities in the workplace it is more or less guaranteed that you will be working in a diverse group of people. Not being properly educated on diversity, and how to effectively work in these diverse groups can be very detrimental to your own career success, as well and your co-workers and employers success.Communication is essential in all work environments, and poor communication between people in a diverse group is the biggest cause of bout. Not being properly educated and careful in intelligence information choice could possibly result in approach path across as insensitive, rude, or hateful to a co-worker. This miscommunication will more than likely create conflict and animosity between the people or groups of people involved, which will affect their job performance and may end in disciplinary action up to possible loss of employment.The point of diversity training is to prevent this type of miscommunication from happening, and keeping all employees happ y, and working well together. What is your experience with workplace culture? Could there be, or could there have been, more inclusion? When I was working as a Service and Parts Director in a swelled automobile dealership I had a couple of employees who were from Africa, and were devout Muslims. As part of their religion they would lay down rugs on the floor and pray to their paragon several times a day. This act of faith upset many of the other employees and caused animosity between them.This had been going on before I started working there, and when I took the department over I realized that this was a major problem that I had to correct. I realized that both groups of employees were very talented and important and that not only did I need all of them, but I also needed them to get along and work together. Through mentoring, and diversity training I was able to open the minds of the employees who disliked the Muslim faith. Within a month of starting this mentoring and training b oth groups started working well together and even became good friends.Thinking About Diversity and InclusionThinking About Diversity and Inclusion SOC/315 October 10, 2011 Michelle Curtain Thinking About Diversity and Inclusion What are the dimensions of cultural diversity? Identify and briefly explain the dimensions by referencing both textbooks. Diversity can be defined as the ways in which people differ that may affect their organizational experience in terms of performance, motivation, communication, and inclusion (Harvey/Allard, 2009). These differences and similarities are broken-down into two dimensions. Primary dimensions are considered to be more fixed, visible, and relevant to an individuals identity. Secondary dimensions are considered to be more fluid, and less central to ones social identity (Harvey/Allard, 2009). Primary dimensions of cultural diversity can include age, mental/physical abilities, ethnic heritage, gender, sexual orientation, and race. Secondary dimensio ns of cultural diversity can comprise of ones geographic location, family status, income, religion, and language among many other characteristics. Secondary dimensions are determined more by choice and are less visible.Another dimension is indentifying people and placing them into minority groups based on race, ethnicity, religion, and gender. A minority group is a subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than do the members of a dominant or majority group. A subordinate group is characterized by unequal treatment, distinguishing physical or cultural traits, involuntary membership, sensation of subordination, and in-group marriage (Schaefer, 2011). With what ethnic, cultural, or other groups do you identify? Describe what members of your social circle have in common.To describe myself I am a white, 35 year old male. This is a very large group I fallen into, however even with these similarities I have with other members one may se e myself not part of this group based on my differences. I believe due to my background of growing up in West Virginia, I associate more often with people from the same area of that country. A large portion of my friends I met in Arizona are from Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. We seem to all share the same perspectives on life and feel as if we have known each all of our life due to sharing the same culture.I would also describe myself as indentifying with people that share the same taste in music as I. A description often heard is a point in time, as in Deadhead or Phishhead, for people that like the music from bands such as the Grateful Dead or Phish. The majority of the people that listen to this genre of music religiously follow the bands to numerous cities across the country to see multiple shows. What is the difference between diversity and inclusion? Diversity represents groups of people containing different characteristics such as skin color/race, religion, gender, sex ual orientation, age, and citizenship.However, inclusion allows people to be included in these groups so one can be valued based on ones skills, distinctive traits, and point of view. Leveraging diversity requires a culture of inclusion to support it (Harvey/Allard, 2009). Inclusion ensures people can work as a team and be themselves. By doing so, everyone works well with one another and can see the benefit of having different characteristics on the team. Inclusion is engaging the uniqueness of the talents, beliefs, backgrounds, capabilities, and ways of living of individuals and groups when joined in a common endeavor (Institute for Inclusion, 2010).While being diverse is important to everyone, the available benefits are not automatically seen until inclusion is put into play. Diversity and inclusion when combined can result in more effective decision making and greater innovation by everyone involved. What is the importance of workplace diversity training? Workplace diversity trai ning is vital for any business in order to suffer and continue to be successful. A business can receive priceless benefits by incorporating diversity training in the workplace. Such benefits include retaining more fiber employees, a decrease in workplace incidences and increased team and individual morale.These benefits can be achieved by teaching employees how to identify and resolve issues regarding stereotyping in the workplace before it can get out of hand. Communication and listening are important factors as well and without them, one could see an increase with workplace issues such as discrimination or harassment lawsuits. Workplace diversity training allows one to be them self and be accepted in order to have strong, long lasting working relationships so everyone can benefit. By continuing workplace diversity training a business will ensure their employees will maintain growth and increase production.Also, by having this ongoing training the business can ensure all new emp loyees will work well with current employees. What is your experience with workplace culture? Could there be, or could there have been, more inclusion? civilization is the environment that surrounds you at work all of the time. Culture is a powerful element that shapes your work enjoyment, your work relationships, and your work processes (Heathfield, 2011). My corporation makes is a priority to have a good workplace culture end-to-end the entire business. My workplace culture is very diverse by having a wide variety of people from different backgrounds.Very few people that work for the confederacy are actually from Arizona. By having this diverse culture within the workplace, the employees are able to share their experiences in order to better themselves and the organization. These differences also enable the company to relate to customers with same backgrounds as the employees. When that connection is made, the employee can relate to the customers needs or desires by relating p ast experiences to understand where one is coming from. I believe my workplace culture uses inclusion very often and reasonably well. As employees, we are all divided up into teams.Each team member learns from one another by seeing others point of view in a way that was never seen before. Reference Harvey, C. P. , and Allard, M. J. (2009). Understanding and managing diversity (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson. Heathfield, S. (2011). Culture Your Environment for People at Work. Retrieved from http//humanresources. about. com/od/organizationalculture/a/culture. htm Institute for Inclusion. (2010). Implementing Inclusion. Retrieved from http//www. instituteforinclusion. org/ Schaefer, R. T. (2011). Racial and ethnic groups (12th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson

Case of Aline Deneuve

Case of Aline DeNeuve This case Aline DeNeuve is written by Alvin Turner, from St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. There are a lot of issues in this case. Aline talked with five random employees to secure their imbibes on having an other(a) crawl in and to take their opinion how effective was the previous retreat. The scratch employee she talked with was eelpout. The important issue over here is mostly stereotypical and racial discrimination. Heather told she doesnt like retreats. She likewise said that she was ignored to give a onward motion six months ago by her supervisor Jack as she was Chinese, and that her supervisor doesnt like foreigners.She to a fault declared that the three day retreat held formerly a year wont solve the anti-social atmosphere between the employees. This problem come onred because Heather was upset with Jack for the reason she was not promoted by him. assortment is an OB concept which falls under stereotyping. This is a comparison process for social identity, and that comparison begins by categorizing populate into different groups. Heather thought she was reason by her supervisor Jack as she was from China. Homogenization is another OB concept that falls under stereotyping. It is a simplified process of comparing tidy sum in various groups.Here people tends to think that, people with in a group are very much similar to each other scorn the fact that every one is an individual and have their own different characteristics. Heather thought that jack was homogenization towards her as she belonged from China, and was from some kind of Chinese group. Heather also thought that Jack was lancinating towards her as she was a foreigner, and so didnt give her a procession. There were also internal ascription factors in Heather as she regularly took large numbers of sick days from work, for the reason she thought her supervisor was discriminating her.She also had fundamental attribution error. Fundamental attribution error is a bias, refers to our tendency to see the person rather than the situation as the main cause of the persons behaviour. Heather thinks that she is biased by her supervisor. These problems ordure be fixed in various ways by Heather. Awareness of perceptual biases is one of the ways her problems go off be solved. Training on diversity awareness can lessen discrimination by making people aware of methodical discrimination as well as biases that occur through stereotyping. Awareness of perceptual biases can make people much watchful of their opinions and activities.Thus, Heather might have a better point of view about Jack, and might think more ordainedly about the outcomes that come in real life. Another way of fixing her problem is by better self-awareness. It is a more powerful way to minimize perceptual biases it provides evidence that the individuals own conduct and choices reflect these biases. Therefore Heather can have a better and autocratic view of what is happening in her surro undings and how positively she can take them. However, Heather can have a confabulation period with her supervisor and discuss all the matters that are bothering her.This might stand by her understand Jack in a better way and pinch all kinds of problematic issues they have between each other. The second employee Aline talked with was Jack. Jack is the manager of marketing department. He did not want to attend the retreat. He was upset as he was not promoted to the director position. Jack thought that he was passed over because he was black. He suggested that the organization should invest more property in its security purposes as he thinks lot of employees are taking home office supplies. He also thought that the company should design a better melodic line orientation and socialization program for the new employees.The problem over here was Jack thought that he didnt get the promotion because he was black he assumed that he was racially discriminated. He also made a very seriou s statement about other office employees, that they have been taking office supplies to their home. This to my thought was sincerely offensive to other employees especially when he had no evidence to prove them. The only positive statement that I thought Jack made was having a better designed job orientation and socializing program for the new employees. This step would really help the new comers to get involved in various activities in an organization.In this part of the case I found two problems that took place with Jack. The first one was Jack thinking stereotypically about himself. His thinking was more of stereotypical because he thought he was racially discriminated in the organization and so was not disposed(p) a promotion to the director position. The solution to this problem can be diversity awareness training. This training will help Jack to minimize discriminating thoughts in his mind. He also needs to improve his self-awareness in himself which will let him know what h e thinks about himself.The second problem associated with Jack was criminate other employees of the organization, for taking office supplies to their home. This is a very serious offensive issue. To me Jack thinks like this because he is having some internal issues with his fellow employees. This can be fixed from the Johari Window model. It helps to get to a mutual understanding which eventually encourages disclosure of argument. Jack can also have a formal conversation with the organizations promotion giving team to get to know why he wasnt selected for the director position this might really help him to get to know the real facts.The third employee Aline had a conversation with was June, manager of customer service. She was also not keen to attend the retreat as she thought that the previous one was a waste of time. She also doesnt like her job anymore as it became too stressful for her. She also stated that the company kept on promising her that it will hire more customer servi ce representative, but havent hired anyone. She also mentioned that it is acquiring hard for her to maintain her marriage with such a stressful job beside. June also said that she got tired of answering customers silly questions.The first problem June had was shortage of customer service representative which made her working condition stressful. She can write a letter to the organizations mental capacity stating the entire problem that she is facing and asking for an immediate solution. The fact that Junes marriage life is getting affected from her work life falls in an OB concept, work-life balance. People tend to lose control of their marriage life due to a stressful condition in their work life. This problem can be solved by the means of virtual work.She can request the company to work from her home instead of working in the office utilize information technology. This will let her to for work from the comfort of her home allowing to have a better and balanced lifestyle. Many su rvey came up with results that on an average, a person working in a call center works no more than two years. However, I think June should leave her current job and look for a better one, because doing something that she doesnt like, wont be productive for her or the company. Fourth employee Aline spoke with was Alison, supervisor of employee benefits and services.Alison also show disagreement in attending another retreat. She said that some male and female employees think that retreats are an opportunity for hitting on one another. She also mentioned that the company should develop a policy regarding inter-office dating. She also stated that the management is contributing to these factors by not taking actions to stop such behaviour in work place. As Alison has very strengthened views to her religion she is very unsatisfied with the kind of environment that goes in work place, because most spectral views are strong and conservative.This is more of an issue than a problem. This i ssue falls under monotonic thinking, as religious views falls under a specific category. In this categorical thinking people tries to relate every possible action in the base of that category, as Alison did by judging most of the situation in religious views. To overcome this issue Alison can go through a behaviour modification session, it is also known as operant conditioning and reinforcement theory. It helps people understand that learning and visualising completely depends on the environment and the situation.The last employee Aline talked with was Richard. Richard said he will be pleased to attend a retreat because he always felt these types of ventures are a great way to improve interpersonal relationship and to socialize with senior management. Richard was the only employee amongst the five employees who had positive and inspiring attitude. There was no problem that I could find from this conversation. Instead he was more inspirational for the other employees. He is extrover ted, as he seems more outgoing, sociable, and assertive. The organization should take a lot of immediate actions to resolve these problems.The company can encourage its employees to join on various training sessions on up self-awareness, awareness of perceptual biases, meaning full interactions with one another in office environment, behaviour modification, etc. The company can set up emancipate training sessions to help their employee learn the visuals of work life in a modified and better way. One of the best alternatives can be, giving new employees not only job training but also other training to keep office environment healthy and good. MD Samiul Karim Shaown A00355188 Micro Organizational doings MGMT-2383-1C

Network Diagram Essay

2. A medium-sized engineering firm has three separate engineering offices. In each office, a local anesthetic LAN supports both the engineers in that office. Due to the requirement for collaboration among the offices, every last(predicate) the computers should be able to view and update the data from any of the three offices. In other words, the data storage server within each LAN should be accessible to all computers, no matter where they ar located. Draw a network diagram that will support this configuration.3. A small start-up caller-out has a Web-based customer sales system that is written by using PHP and JavaScript. The club is deciding whether to host the system on its own servers, contract with a hosting company for a virtual server, or go to amazons cloud. Volumes ar expected to be low at the beginning, and it is hard to predict the growth patterns, although there is a potential for rapid growth. Decide which alternative the company should choose. play off your decisi on by giving advantages and disadvantages of each solution based on the characteristics of the start-up company. I would recommend them to get a contract from a hosting company that green goddess suffice all their motifs.There be lots of meshwork hosts that support companies for sales system they even give additional functionalities for a reasonable price. Online threats are emerging nowadays, it is not safe to host a system yourself especially if youre company is still new and needs more experience. Most hosting companies are almost invulnerable to threats and that should be your priority for your company.4. Find four separate hosting providers and compare their cracks, including prices. 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They regularly perform secure and reliable backups of all your data to protect against unforeseen emergencies.Control PanelJoy of joys, all HostPapa customers get the full benefits of the industrys most popular and user-acclaimed look control board cPanel. Large, intuitively organized icon-based buttons empower you to perform any number of administrative tasks. The main men u includes a real-time display of every stat and figure pertinent to your web hosting account and your websites activity and performance. node SupportAt HostPapa, youll get all the single-on-one help setting up and getting started that you need as well as dedicated customer service any time you need it. Choose from phone, put up chat, and email support, or do-it-yourself with the HostPapa library of helpful and easy to follow video tutorials and online help docs.iPagehttp//www.ipage.com/Price ValueThe web experts at iPage.com have managed to compile an eye-popping list of services and value-added extras and big bucks them neatly into a all-encompassing web hosting package. Currently on promotion for just $1.99 a month, iPage.com is proving that sometimes you actually get more than you pay for. dependablenessiPage.com uses a system of pooled servers so there is always server space available to you. The first and fastest machine available will serve your website. A pool of serve rs provides redundancy, streamlined service, and maximum uptime.Control PanelThe iPage control panel offers users tools to create, enhance and manage their websites simple and effectively. iPage.com has also worked closely with Google to integrate the industry-leading Google Tools for Websites right into your control panel.Customer SupportiPage.com makes a remarkable promise when you contact their customer service department, theyll put you in touch with an agent within two minutes. iPage offers around the clock support via live chat, phone and e-mail.HostGatorhttp//www.hostgator.com/Price ValueHost Gators shared web hosting plans start at $3.96 a month (the recently upgraded Hatchling plan) and include unlimited disk space and bandwidth. Their reseller plans are offered for prices ranging from $24.95 to $99.95 per month, and their dedicated server plans range from $174.00 to $374.00 per month. Put it all together and you have one company that wants to remain competitive in the web- hosting market.ReliabilityHostGator has chosen The Planet, located in Dallas, Texas, to house their data center. The Planet boasts over 35,000 square feet of raised floor space, and features state-of-the-art security, safety, and cooling systems. This facility is accompanied with Multiple TXU electrical grids, 4800 volts of input power, DataTrax monitoring software for the whole data center infrastructure, and a fully meshed and additional Certified Cisco Networkfeaturing 10 backbone providers.Control PanelHost Gator employs the industry standard control panel, cPanel. This control panel is one of the best in the industry, and has over 39 scripts that can be put ined. It is easy to learn and use, as it provides more than one million end users the ability to install dozens of leading open source programs, accompanied with pullulate movies for instant tutorials.Customer SupportHost Gator is becoming one of the leading companies offering quick responses and a personal touch to thei r support system. They present 24/7/365 phone support, online chat, fax, peer support forums, and a wide variety of cPanel flash video tutorials. Their knowledgebase is also quite extensive and useful.JustHosthttp//www.justhost.com/Price ValueUnlimited disk space, unlimited bandwidth, unlimited domain hosting, unlimited email accounts, unlimited MySQL databases, has it priced at just $2.25 per month. And that fee includes a free domain for life, a free point-and-click SiteBuilder with templates, a free e-Commerce shopping cart, and a free Spam Assassin for your email.ReliabilityAt JustHost you get a 99.9% uptime guarantee on service. Just Host s reliability is guaranteed, in part, thanks to their unique load balancing technology and super fast backbone connections. With load balancing, your site is available from multiple servers, so if one server becomes unavailable, your site will still be live on the other server, virtually eliminating site downtime.Control PanelIf we had to pic k just one web hosting control panel to use and forgo allothers, it would be the very same control panel that just so happens to come with Just Host web hosting plan. Its cPanel, of course, the industry leader for know user-friendliness and ease-of use. All the resources, tools, and even web statistics are right there in one place, at your disposal. 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Summary of the Biography of Edgar Allan Poe

Biography of Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Poe was born in Boston on January 19, 1809. That learns him Capricorn, on the cusp of Aquarius. When Poe was 6, he went to school in England for 5 years. He learned Latin and French, as well as math and history. He later returned to school in America and continued his studies. Edgar Allan went to the University of Virginia in 1826. He was 17. Edgar Allan had no silver, no job skills, Edgar went to Boston and joined the U. S. Army in 1827. He was 18. He did reasonably well in the Army and accomplish the rank of sergeant major.In 1831, Edgar Allan Poe went to New York City where he had some of his poetry published. He submitted stories to a number of magazines and they were all rejected. Poe had no friends, no job, and was in pecuniary trouble. In 1835, Edgar finally got a job as an editor of a newspaper because of a contest he won with his story, The Manuscript Found in a Bottle. Edgar missed Mrs. Clemm and Virginia and brought them to Richmond t o live with him. In 1836, Edgar married his cousin, Virginia. He was 27 and she was 13.As the editor for the Southern Literary Messenger, Poe successfully managed the paper and increase its circulation from 500 to 3500 copies. Despite this, Poe left the paper in early 1836, complaining of the poor salary. In 1837, Edgar went to New York. He wrote The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym but he could not find any financial success. He moved to Philadelphia in 1838 where he wrote Ligeia and The Haunted Palace. His first volume of short stories, Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque was published in 1839. Poe received the copyright and 20 copies of the book, but no money. Poe found himself without a regular job once again.He tried to start a magazine called The dash and failed. He won a hundred dollars for his story, The Gold Bug and sold a few other stories to magazines but he barely had enough money to support his family. Often, Mrs. Clemm had to contribute financially. In 1844, Poe moved back to New York. Even though The Gold Bug had a circulation of around 300,000 copies, he could barely make a living. He and his family moved to a small cottage near what is now East 192nd Street. Virginias health was fading away and Edgar was deeply distressed by it. Virginia died in 1847, 10 days after Edgars birthday.After losing his wife, Poe collapsed from stress but gradually returned to health later that year. On September 27, Poe left Richmond for New York. He went to Philadelphia and stayed with a friend named James P. Moss. On September 30, he meant to go to New York but supposedly took the wrong train to Baltimore. On October 3, Poe was found at Gunners Hall, a public house at 44 East Lombard Street, and was taken to the hospital. He lapsed in and out of consciousness but was never adequate to(p) to explain exactly what happened to him. Edgar Allan Poe died in the hospital on Sunday, October 7, 1849.Quotes from Edgar Allan Poe It will be found, in fact, that the ingeniou s are always fanciful, and the truly imaginative never otherwise than analytic. from The Murders in the Rue Morgue It is more than probable that I am not understood but I fear, indeed, that it is in no manner come-at-able to convey to the mind of the merely general reader, an adequate idea of that nervous intensity of interest with which, in my case, the powers of meditation (not to speak technically) busied and buried themselves, in the musing of even the most ordinary objects of the universe. from Berenice

Earth is my mother Essay

The authors purpose in writing was to understand for herself and to be able to mortalate Navajo sandpaintings as dynamic all(prenominal)(prenominal)y heavenly living entities whose meanings lie in the process of their creation and ingestion (page xix). Sandpaintings, created from different colored sands and sacred objects, atomic number 18 not art. They argon representations of mythical beings and legends created for the purpose of reestablishing someones health and harmony. The study of sandpaintings and their various meanings permits the ratifier considerable insight into Navajo land-tied religious beliefs, world view, creation myths, society, history, and all the same concepts of time.The author, Trudy Griffin-Pierce, provides little autobiographical information in the retain. She mentions her rootless Air Force upbringing and how her early readings were devoted to books about Native American culture, especially the Navajo. Although she is distantly re juveniled to the Catawba Indians of South Carolina, she always felt a kinship with the Navajo and lived for a time with a Navajo family, learning their traditions, history, and language. This bond drew her to Arizona after she immaculate her undergraduate degree in art at Florida State University.N. Scott Momaday, in his Forward, adds that Ms. Griffin-Pierce is a very creative artist, capable of understanding and discussing the artistic pip of the Navajo world. She makes the inventive and imaginative Navajo system of belief without our understanding. Ms. Griffin-Pierce received her doctorate in anthropology from the University of Arizona in 1987, where she is currently Assistant Professor in the Anthropology Department and teaches tercet courses. The information on her website at the University of Arizona reveals that this was her first published book.She has written quartet newer books, The Encyclopedia of Native America (1995), Native Americans Enduring Cultures and Traditions (1996), Native Peoples of the south-west (2000), and Paridigms of Power The Chiricahua Apache Prisoners of War and Naiches Hide Paintings (in press) and two articles, When I am Lonely the Mountains Call Me The Impact of Sacred Geography on Navajo Psychological wellhead Being, and Navajo Religion. All of her writings center on the history of Indians in the United States Southwest. She is currently studying aging and dementia among Arizonas Native Americans.In Earth is my Mother Sky is my Father, Ms. Griffin-Pierce details Navajo religious beliefs, world views, historical myths, societal structure, and astronomical concepts before she discusses the use and structure of Navajo sandpaintings. staple fibre Navajo religious beliefs are appease followed by many Navajos who chose not to assimilate the tenets of Christianity presented to them in the 1800s. There is no word for religion in the Navajo language. Spirituality, health, harmony, and beauty are inseparable. The population is an all-inclusive whole where everything has a unique place and beneficial relationship to all other living things.God is the Unknown Power idolize through His Creation. The Navajo also go for a close relationship with the hallowed People, with whom they interact daily. (page 34) Navajo religious beliefs are closely tied to their intense longing for and their retire of their homeland, which they consider the point in space from which all conceptions of the cosmos proceed. (page xv) The land and the earth is their foundation of all belief, wonder, and meaning in human existence, and the four sacred mountains are the center. There are no permanent religious centers. The Native American Church is a local peyote visionary religion. The Navajo have a circular concept of time that permits their mythic, spiritual world to coexist with their physical world. The author suggests that the Navajo sacred sandpaintings cannot be understood unless we accept the Navajos mythopoetic linguistic context of layered time, space, and meaning. (page 7) Navajo spirituality affirms humanitys place in nature as a whole. Their ceremonies restore the interconnectedness of all life. They believe malady results from failure to maintain reciprocal responsibilities with the environment, infringement of ceremonial rules, and transgressions against ones own mind and bodies.Her purpose in writing this book is to share a more humane, more connected view of the world and its contributions in reestablishing humanitys alignment with the universe. (page 9) Navajos still worship gods and goddesses of specific purposes. Their deities include the Sun ever-changing Woman, who brings the earthly seasons and their children, Hero Twins, Monster Slayer, Born-for Water, First Man and First Woman, First Boy and First Girl, the trickster Coyote, and the Speechless Ones, who cannot utter words.(page 34) These are often portrayed in the sandpaintings. Navajos have a concept of the Holy Wind, reminiscent of the Christian Hol y Spirit, as a being that exists everywhere and is in all living beings. For them this means that all living beings are related and that humanity has a responsibility to care for other living beings. Curiously, in Navajo Creation stories, the Holy People spoke, sang, and prayed the world into existence with their sacred words. Since everyone has an inner form and is part of the Holy Wind, each has a Holy Person located within.Oneness with the universe creates a responsibility to treat ones fellow creatures with the same respect one has towards oneself. (page 73). The Navajos were among the last American Indians to migrate from Asia to North America and were late in arriving in the Southwest. They settled in the geographical area bounded by the four Sacred Mountains in the Four Corners area of the Southwest. Their geographical isolation protected them from diseases brought by the Spaniards and provided them with access to stealing their horses, sheep, and goats. They learned weaving from the Pueblos.The Navajo societal structure was and is matriarchal, clan, and family based, and they dwell in isolated family groups structured by the nuclear family, the matrilocal extended family, close relatives, and other relatives. Many Navajo live in frame houses today, but some still choose well-constructed hogans. (page 21) Navajo ceremonial ameliorates involving sandpaintings are conducted by highly happy practitioners called chanters who have learned to sing the elaborate Navajo rituals. The Navajo chanter can cure witchcraft, exorcise ghosts, and establish immunity to illness.A chanter is a priest, not a shaman, and never enters the shamans characteristic trance state. Most chanters are men. Women become diagnosticians, or shamans who acquire knowledge in a trance state. (page 39) Navajo ceremonials are rites (rattle is not used) or chants (rattle accompanies singing. The major rites (Blessingway and Enemyway) use drypaintings with pigments made from plants, includ ing corn, pollens, cornmeal, flower petals, and charcoal. The author explains that Enemyway is a form of exorcism against the ghosts of aliens, violence, and ugliness.The chanting ceremonies (Holyway, Evilway, or Lifeway) use sandpaintings of different modify of sand, ocher and charcoal. Other sacred objects, vegetation, and bowls of water are incorporated into both types of ceremonies. (pages 40-41) There are hundreds, if not thousands, of different sandpainting designs. A sandpainting is a place of entry where supernaturals enter and leave, attracted by their likenesses in the painting. The establishment of this pathway lets the evil or illness in the patient be replaced by the good, or healing power of the supernatural being. (page 43) The healing ceremonies last for several days.It takes four to six people three to five hours to complete a sandpainting six feed in diameter. The workers begin in the center and work outwards. (page 45. The Navajos basic concept is that the powers of the heavens and earth are drawn into the sandpainting for the purpose of healing. Time is compressed so that stiff mythic events of the past coexist with the present and restore harmony and well being to the person being healed. (page 58) The sandpainted image is intended to let the sick person project his or her mind through time and space, rising above present earthly limitations.The Navajo layered worldview becomes meaningless during a ceremony as all layers of heavens and underground become one. The Navajos study the constellations and star arrangements primarily for determination of seasons, and they are not part of the ceremonial core of sandpaintings, even though depictions of mythical gods of creation in the form of constellations may be used. (page 103) One of the more interesting myths is how Younger Brother went to the sky country and met an inner circle of antipathetic beings whom he left to stay with the friendly Star People in the outer dwellings.These friendly S tar People, whom the Navajo call The People, and the hostile beings are still incorporated into sandpaintings. The author concentrated on the Mother Earth, Father Sky sandpainting because it is the most familiar to outsiders and presents the most small depiction of the Navajo heavens of sandpaintings in use today. (page 175) She describes the intricate, careful, detailed process involved in making a sandpainting. Mother Earth and Father Sky must be identical in lick and size. The act of creating a sandpainting is healing because it focuses everyones thoughts on the principles of balance and order.(page 177) The painting becomes alive to serve its transcendent purpose when the chanter strews sacred pollen on it and blesses those attending. (page 183). The sacred and blessed sandpainting forces the patient to reconnect in time and space to past and present sacred forces and reminds the patient of her connectedness to humans present physically or spiritually. (page 194) This book acc omplishes the authors stated purposes and does discuss the themes in detail. However, the information is disorganized and scattered, making the book itself hard to read.The authors purpose was to teach the reader how to understand and appreciate the making, content, and purpose of Navajo sandpainting, which she accomplishes. Some of the information presented about Navajo religious beliefs is curiously similar to Christianity, and the author does not sufficiently discuss whether or not these were original to the Navajo who migrated to the Americas or picked up and changed a bit from what Christian missionaries tried to teach them. The Navajo ties to the religious symbolism of their land is remarkably similar to early Hebrew thought, but no mention is made of that.The textual sources used by the author are all documented research papers or books that are fairly recent in date. One would wish earlier sources had been consulted on some issues, but their availability is not known. The a uthor combines quite boring detailed information with her myths and more lively text, making the book itself a challenge to complete. BIBLIOGRAPHY Southwest Studies Program. Biography of Trudy Griffin-Pierce. University of Arizona. http//web. arizona. edu/swst/faculty/tgpierce. htm. Griffin-Pierce, Trudy. Earth is my Mother Sky is my Father. Albuquerque University of New Mexico Press, 1992.

Brothers Grimms

German folk literature undoubtedly is of the loyal nature, yet non in the negative sense that most people usually associate it with. The Br separates Grimms folk tales deal been thought of to have big(p)ly influenced the German nationalistic attitude of which was pertinently acquaintn in the twentieth century. Jakob Ludwig Karl Grimm (17851863) and Wilhelm Karl Grimm (17861859) atomic number 18 German philologists and avid collector of folk tales. They argon the brformer(a)s who were do famous by the hundreds of children stories they wrote. Their book contains a collection of what probably are still the most famous childrens stories.The Brothers Grimms started taking an interest in ottoman tales in 1803. Since then, both began writing down the tales that have been handed down from generation to generation. almost of these were non German, hardly are in fact of cut origin. The Brothers Grimms went to a large extent to spay these stories and add a German touch to each of them. There were a lot of myths regarding how these stories were collected. Only until a few years back had it been cognize that these stories were collected from the bourgeoisie, instead of what was believed to be from uneducated German peasants.The results of these broad studies on folklore lead to the publication of their book Kinder- und Hausmarchen (English Childrens and Household Tales) contain the most beloved folktales in the litigate today. They have been translated to numerous languages evidence that indeed these stories have interest the world. The first volume of the first strain of the Brothers Grimms collection of Folk tales was published in 1812, which contained 86 stories. The second volume followed in 1814 and contained 70 tales. a lot were added and subtracted from the original set of stories in the succeeding editions of the collection.By the seventh edition, the Grimms milksop Tales totalled 211 tales. Among the most popular of these 211 tales are The ato mic Red Riding Hood, Cinderella, Snow White, Hansel and Gretel, Sleeping Beauty and Rumpelstiltskin. It would be impossible to fully analyze each unitary of these stories as there are so many of them. Contrary to what the names suggest, these folktales are non so oftentimes rough elves and fairies but more on foolish younger brothers, beautiful ladies, fruitless queens, mighty kings, terrible stepmothers, and anthropomorphized frogs and mice.Trickster figures are excessively rampant in Grimms stories, and most often than not, the heroes must privy these tricksters in order to fulfil their fortunes. The first edition of the Brothers Grimms stories received several upbraidings. The book was entitled Childrens and Household Tales. However, critics feel that these stories are not suitable for children. The stories contain in-depth scholastic information that was regarded to be besides heavy for children. They also had references to such subject matter such as sex and violence. The Brothers Grimms resolved to replace some details of their pantywaist tales to fit suitability for children. Snow White and Hansel and Gretel used to have wicked mothers in the first edition. In the subsequent editions of the story, it was changed to wicked stepmothers. They also removed proofs of Rapunzels betrayal to the prince. She was not made pregnant in the later editions. Also, since these stories were not originally German, a lot of terms had to be changed. A fairy is an enchantress. A prince is a kings son, while a princess should be a kings daughter.Considerable attempts were also made to reconstruct the stories and make it more German. Many of the stories in Grimms fairy tales are considered to be coming-of-age stories. Young boys must prove their worth against the strong forces of nature or their tyrannize siblings. Young girls must leave their parents behind and learn to live with their husbands. The stories show how a lady or a gentleman should behave, with empha sis on decorum, responsibility and respect for superiors. The stories invoke obedience as devotion and love for the king. Great honor and glory is attributed with serving in the military.Loyalty also played a study break in in the plot of the stories, which stress that anything beside a nationalistic spirit is unacceptable. Class separation is also very prominent in the stories. Generally, heroes are of low social status who turned out to be part of the royal family in the end. Heroes are depicted as gentle and compassionate to old women, pitiful peasants, and even to wounded animals. They are al substances rewarded with some treasure such as gold and silver, or are provided with a beautiful bride. On the other hand, a foolish temperament often finds himself a victim of some magic spell.The Brothers Grimms could not have stressed in their female monarch Tales the magnificence of the supra menti cardinald values. With the over two hundred fairy tales in their collection, these values repeat themselves in all stories. disregardless if that story is about romantic love, filial love, adventure or heroism. These are the values which constantly show in each of the tales. Obviously, the brothers would want their readers to familiarize and apply these onto their daily lives. It is evident in the fairytales that the Grimms would want to ascertain about good values such as sympathy, kindness, loyalty and bravery.They want to educate by illustrating that heroes are richly rewarded while the villains are severely punished. The stories allow them to impart the values that are necessary for a nation to survive. The Germany we now know is different from what Germany was before 1800. It was only a group of people unify together by one language, nothing more. With the publication of Grimms fairy tales, they combined fairytales that depicted real German culture and unified Germany. In fact, they have done their jobs perfectly well as Germans have a strong sense of nat ionalism.The Brothers Grimms, through their fairy tales are strong advocates of nationalism in Germany. However, what sets the Grimms fairy tales away from the rest are the violence involved, especially in punishing the wicked. They contain more violence compared to other folk tales. This probably is the reason why the first edition received so much criticism on the stories as being childrens stories. The Brothers Grimms did not intend their stories solely for the children, however. As philologists, they sincerely hoped that their plant can be used as resources in the studies of not only German literature but of German history, as well.Needless to say, the Brothers Grimms are granted as their collection of fairy tales have indeed made it to the cultural archives of German philology and are being used by scholars worldwide in understanding the German culture and language better. The Brothers Grimms were not only writers but are also busy nationalists. They lived in an era when Ger many was still a colony of the French, and literature proved to be an outlet for them to do their share to pre practice the German heritage. They wrote about princes and princesses, of magic and witches.But more than just being bed condemnation stories, these stories stirred the nationalistic character of their readers. They fought using their stories the promotion of a nationalistic Germany. The stories manage to bring back to life a time when knights were bold and the ladies were fair, when good always triumphed over evil, and when bravery and virtuosity were held in the highest esteem. Under Napoleons French rule, the Brothers Grimms strived to preserve what was German. That age was the age of promised land. It was an age where traditional things are done in bohemian ways.France was probably the strongest advocate of the idealogies of Enlightenment at that time. Its ideals launched the infamous French Revolution which affected the whole of Europe. And France brought these Enlig htenment ideas with them to Germany. The brothers were two of those who encouraged their fellow Germans to reject the French ideologies, and instead take congratulate of their own culture. by means of what may probably be thought of as cute bedtime stories nowadays, the brothers rallied to their people an intellectual backlash against the Germans which culminated the struggle of Liberation unifying the whole of Germany against Bismarcks rule.This intellectual backlash however presented itself in other areas such as philosophy, science and politics. Other intellectuals resolved to reject the Enlightenment, and instead looked deeper into their culture for inspiration. This movement known as Romanticism spread far beyond Germany. And undoubtedly, our Brothers Grimms made a huge contribution to that knowledge process. People started looking within themselves the attitude and abilities demonstrated in Brothers Grimms characters. People started to place much importance into their own cultural heritage.They were made aware how important it is for a country to preserve its culture so it can also survive. In a way, whenever Grimms heroes fight the wicked spirits, the brothers are also fighting the French colonizers. In an impressive way they participated in motivating the rest of the German people to stand up and fight Napoleons rule. It was easy for the French to colonize a Germany that was not unified. Germany at that time dont recognize themselves as one country. They do not have that sense of pride to be Germans.More so, they dont as so much care regarding their cultural wealth. The Brothers Grimms changed that. The Brothers Grimms united the German people with the use of their popular collection of folklores. With the publication of the Grimms Fairy Tales, Germany now has something they can be idealistic of, something that was exclusively shared by the Germans. All a country needs to unite as one is to have something in common, and thats what the Brothers Gr imms provided. The brothers detailed in their folklores the ideals valued by each German.When the Germans read about these socialise stories, they were not only entertained but their German pride has been strengthened and their nationalistic character has been awakened. The fairy tales hide in themselves the secret to overcoming the French dominion on Germany. The past was recaptured in entertaining stories of love and adventures. The brothers discovered that Germany had a charming and magical past. This belief helped keep up their enthusiasm to further write their folklores which eventually have affected and influenced the rest of Germany to instil nationalism into their hearts and minds.And the brother could not have chosen a better audience German children. The children who were brought up with Grimms Fairy Tales grew to have a great sense of nationalism within them. The Grimms managed to incorporate into the childs minds what is expected of him as part of the Germany. Like the characters of the fairy tales he used to read, this child grew up to be virtuous, responsible, loyal and a great deal of nationalist pride. With all those characteristics, what more can a country need from its countrymen? The Grimms Fairy Tales have widespread influence. W. H.Austen regarded it as one of the founders of Western Literature. The Nazis patronizes it, especially among the children as it teaches them to be racist, especially in choosing their marriage partners. With this, the Allied Forces banned the stories as it promoted racial instincts. These tales were also referenced by Holocaust writers, i. e. Jane Yolen in her memoirs Briar Rose. It is simply amazing how a collection of childrens stories can have so much influence, not only in the authors hometown but to the rest of the world. Even up to this date, reading a Grimms Fairy Tale can still stir up the ones patriotic side.One cant help but sympathize with the major characters plot to fight and defend what is sincere ly his. The Brothers Grimms would have been proud to see how their works have affected so much. Nobody can competitor the fact how much these cute stories have helped awaken the nationalistic Germans. We are fully aware that Germany is one country who really prided and regarded itself highly. The Brothers Grimms have indeed revolutionized Folk Literature. Folk stories do not only serve as bedtime stories for children but are also believed to inspire nationalists.Indeed, even a countrys fairy tales are reflective of that countrys ideologies. Brothers Grimms have found a most effective way of promoting the nationalistic attitude. They used entertaining fairy tales subtle but sink deep in the youngest of hearts. References A. S. Byatt, entree p. xxx, Maria Tatar, ed. The Annotated Brothers Grimm. Haase, Donald, ed. 1993. The Reception of Grimms Fairy Tales Responses, Reactions, Revisions. Detroit, MI Wayne State University Press. McGlathery, pile, et al. 1988. The Brothers Grimm an d Folktale.Chicago, IL University of Illinois Press. Peppard, Murray. 1971. Paths Through the Forest A memoir of the Brothers Grimm. New York, NY Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Tatar, Maria. 1987. The Hard Facts of Grimms Fairy Tales. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press. Tatar, Maria. 2004. The Annotated Brothers Grimm, W. W. Norton & Co. Ward, Donald. New Misconceptions about Old Folktales p 98 James M. McGlathery, ed. , The Brothers Grimm and Folktale. Zipes, Jack. 2002. The Brothers Grimm From Enchanted Forests to the Modern World, Palgrave MacMillan.

Animals’ Roles in The Wars Essay

Written by herds grass Findley in 1977, The Wars is a novel that explores the theme of young human smell under the pressing concerns during the war, specifically the First World War, seeing the world of soldiers turn into a world of violence, and how these soldiers have rancid into brutes themselves. The persona of Robert Ross, a nineteen year-old Canadian officer and whose life is narrated mostly from the third-person fountainhead of view, is propounded as a purpose that has a concern for animalsthus prompting Ross to save the horses which cost him his life in the endamidst the deplorable turn of events where death was almost sealed in the killing palm. The birds, coyote and rabbits similarly symbolize certain events in the story. Soldiers be typically k straightwayn to be highly sensitive of their surroundings when in the fields for they fundawork forcetnot exactly pinpoint where and when combat might ensue or from what direction the adversary might be coming from. Th is is perhaps ace of the reasons why Ross was able to notice the chirping of the birds while he and the rest of the soldiers were forth in the war. Ross was able to take notice of the fact that each time the birds stopped singing, an attack from the enemy soon takes place.Perhaps it was mere coincidence, although one can strongly tie that event with the attacks that followed thereafter as birds are familiar with their environment more than the soldiers slight changes in their environment, especially changes which have a slew to do with probable dangers cause the birds to fly away. Taken with the context of the encounters of Ross with the birds, it can be said that those birds served as warning signs for the young soldier. Whenever the birds stopped singing, it is almost certain that Ross is about to encounter danger along the way. The birds, universe gone, had taken some mysterious presence with them (p. 81), showing how the sudden absence of these birds felt rather unusual, as if to signal something bad is about to happen. It is unusual as well for man and beast to have a close relationship, especially when the animal is known to be a hunter and can be a threat to the security of man. But more than that, any relationship between man and beast can mean simple companionship to a deep friendship. As far as Ross and the coyote are concerned, it can be said that the animal accompanied the young soldier to a certain utmost in the story. One night, Robert ran with a coyote (p. 25) and when the men were out for a drink the coyote besides drunk at the brink (p. 27) of the water and suddenly sat (p. 28).An observation of these rather unusual events would spread abroad us that the coyote acted as if it was a member of the soldiers. This is interesting as it presents a revealing irony one can not easily notice soldiers in the war, as Ross himself has observed, are violent men who are more handle beasts who wielded weapons to kill. With the presence of the coyote among the group, it can be said that they, too, were much alike the coyote. The soldiers, in fact, gathered like whispering conspirators around the edges of a bright sheet of water (p. 27), a sly trait typical to that of coyotes. While coyotes symbolize how men in the war have turned into beasts, rabbits on the other hand serve as reminders for Ross to treat animals in general with respect as if they were human beings. On one occasion, Ross was hesitant to kill the rabbits as ordered by his estranged mother, Mrs. Ross, short after the death of Rowena, Roberts older sister, since they gave him memories about his older sister and since Rowena owned those rabbits. Rabbits had to die, and Robert had to do it (p. 18), which presents one conflict in the novelthe conflict between the command to destroy the animals which pin back memories and the unmistakable weakness of the main protagonist to kill even animals.It can be said that if Ross decides to kill the rabbits, it was like as if h e has killed the memories of Rowena. If he decides not to kill them, it proves that he is unable to even wield a weapon against these small animals, which is of course not a good sign for someone who would enlist in the army during the war. It also shows how Ross was more human than anybody else in the story, especially his estranged mother and the rest of the soldiers in his group. His inclination to preserve whatever memory remains from the departed tells us that Ross is not keen to destroy, or that he is not a natural destroyer of animal life which, ironically, cost him his life as he tried to save some of the Army horses after killing two of his fellow soldiers. The point where Ross tries to save the Army horses was also the time when he finally turned to madness and prompted him to kill the lives of his fellowmen. Apparently, it is a contrast which tells us that insanity can push a person to kill other pack yet care for beasts.That is because Ross himself has finally become a beast near the end of the story and, thus, he is now more than inclined to save his own kind rather than protect and preserve the life of other men. He is no longer the same man at the start of the story who was xenophobic to kill. This transformation can be attributed to the onslaught of the war, which seemed to have absorbed Robert right into it. As he was now unable to rise above the madness of the war, Robert Ross eventually turned quite like the rest of the army, will to kill and die just so to save other lives although this time he saved the lives of horses. The animals in the story offer an interesting insight into some important events in the novel, especially in hurt of how the life of the protagonist, Robert Ross, always hanged in the balance of making crucial decisions. In general, the story is able to reveal how the lives of soldiers always deal with certain conflicts individually and together as a group. Findleys novel is also able to show how young minds of young ind ividuals tend to fold under pressing moments in their lives. theatrical roleFindley, T. (1996). The Wars. Penguin Canada.

The Party of Life

The party of spirit Life is a ch bothenge that we all must place and overcome. Like a never ending obstacle course, we must jump done the hurtles of work, run through the pain of tragedy, and climb up the ropes of solitude. Life never goes the way we plan it to alone that is why I follow the most important law of life It may not be the party we commitd for, entirely while were here, we should dance. When life goes wrong and pushes you down, its our job to pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off and keep on going with a wide smile and broad shoulders.We have all found ourselves in places, where all we wish for is to leave, and for it to be over. There are meters where we question, why things happen to us, and why we must suffer. I believe that this law of life is the perfect solutions for these situations and questions. This law of life means that no matter what situation you are in, you should still try to enjoy yourself and make the best of everything that is given to you. I chose this quote because I believe if you be positive in a rough position, then you can withstand anything that life launches at you.These are the moments that keep us waking up in the mornings, and going to bed at night. Living by this quote means we should go out(p) with an optimistic attitude, with our heads held high, and ready to enjoy everything the dry land has to give to us no matter what has happened. I remember when I was younger I flew to Russia and adage one of my old family friends. She showed me the town I used to live in and I was baffled to happen how much things changed. I was surrounded by poverty and alarming conditions, further what surprised me the most was how the the large unwashed reacted.They were not sulking and sobbing like I thought they would be, instead, they were enjoying themselves. Children ran around with their friends playing with a worn out soccer ball in their tattered clothing giggling and with jubilant looks on their faces. They didnt care that their change state werent as expensive or new, they were just grateful that they were with friends that cared for them and would help them out in their time of need, and family that would risk anything just to make them safe and happy.They might not have gotten the riches or money, plainly since they were alive and with loved ones, they relished what they had and were truly content. When we were young we all had our dreams. I want to be a touch on someone would say. I want to live in a big house and have a nice car another would reply. These thoughts are simply contagious as a human beingness so when I saw the families in my old town I thought to myself This isnt what they wished for but they still found a way to make it work.Their lives werent the parties they hoped for but they still had a great time dancing. So when life jumps out of the bushes and scares us, we shouldnt shriek and run, instead, we should turn around and laugh. When we trip and fall, we shouldnt hope no one saw us and walk off embarrassed. Preferably, we should get back up on our feet and embrace the moment and enjoy every seconded of it. Life will never be what we predict it to be, but thats just what makes it fun and more entertaining to dance to.

Reading Body Language in Poker Essay

Body language is a plowshargon of nonverbal language. It includes things alike stance, gestures, facial expressions, and even so small things that are barely perceptible like a brief shrug of the shoulder or nod of the head. We frequently communicate both bodily and verbally and an estimated 70% of what we communicate may be nonverbal. There live with been hundreds of books on body language merely not many in poker. So this is a small attempt to put information that I have learnt while learning to memorize pot at a poker knock back. I started by straight away applying the basic body language reads to a poker table like when a mortal leans in it is sign of confidence, hence it translated that the player most likely has technical cards.Another uncorrupted example is when a person rubs his pays after seeing his cards this is sign that he is so excited to see the card that he cant wait to play their cards. In short, a poker table is much like real world scenarios like class r oom, office, college, etc. When a player at a poker table gives away body language information, it is called a tell. So information a player for tells is crucial for poker players jeopardize. on a lower floor is the order in which I read people at a poker table1. Feet and Legs ( near reliable)2. Arms and hold3. tattle4. Eyes5. Pacifying Behaviours (Least Reliable)Nice LegsThis is the most honest part of the body and can give loads of information. Most people while reading a person start from the top and scan towards the bottom. But recollect me the other way round works much better and is far more reliable. Most people go to great lengths to hide what is on their faces but rarely do they focus on their legs. Legs show so much information that it is relied upon by most pros and ignored by most amateurs in poker. Below are some of the common tells that you can spot at a poker table * If a person has pointed his feet forward and after he receives his cards turns it away, it is cl ear sign of disengagement and he no longer wants to be involved in the hand. * If a person is constantly wiggling and bouncing his legs and then all of a sudden stops and pays attention, this is a sign that the person is about to bluff.* If a persons feet go from direct to raised position resting feet flat to raised heels/toes forward means that the person is ready to act. * When a person interlocks his feet, this is sign of nervousness. This means that the person is holding weak or marginal cards. * A variation of the to a higher place is after a person bets (a big bet) he wraps his legs around the legs of the electric ch give vents or table, it may suggest that he is bluffing. They are restraining themselves because they think other leave alone detect his bluff. * When a player moves his feet positioned in front of his chair to under the chair indicates signs of weakness or bluffing.Lets Get Our Hands DirtyHands are an intimate part of poker. They are constantly moving and i nteracting with the chips and cards on the table, and sometimes even with players. Hands can reveal a lot of information. * Interlacing fingers behind the head is a actually strong sign that the player is confident. So if you deciding to bluff dont try it on this player. * When a player does a hand steeple, this is also some other high confidence tell. * Interlacing of fingers and hand wringing is a sign of low confidence. * When a person looks at his cards and his hands tremble or reaching for chips and his hands are trembling, is a sign that he has great cards or as in poker we call it monsters. His hands got scared of the monsterLips Dont Lie blab are a great reading tool for tells in poker but as you amaze from the feet to the face, the tells get that much less reliable because players will be a lot more sensible of their tells when it comes to their face. The tells listed below are some of the classic tells in poker however one should tread cautiously when one is applying in a real game. * When a person smiles press outing his lips and there is no proceeding around his eye is a classic tell of dishonesty (fake smile). Remember it is very difficult to pull off a in full smile when you are unhappy so when you see a full smile with the corners of the eyes involved you can be sure he is honest about his representations on the table. * When a person presses his lips together is an indicator of high stress and low confidence.* Nail biting is another(prenominal) sign of low confidence. * Lip biting is a good indicator of stress and concern. * A subtile tell of lips are lip withdrawal they indicate that stress is settling in slowly. * Lip thrashing and biting of objects like pen or chips are signs of pacifying when there is concern. * Tongue jetting out is another tell which indicates that the player got away with something.Eyes Are the Windows to the SoulEyes are very good barometer of our feelings because we have very little control over them. I rely o n eyes as an indicator often in my game. Here are some fool proof tells that I have used before * When a player blocks his eyes either by closing his lids or pulley block it with his fingers or palm or object, it is a sign that he does not want to see whats coming. * This tell might take some used to getting used to but watching the eyes for dilation or constriction is 100% method to get the information out of your opponent. Remember when we like something our eyes dilate and when we dont like something it constricts. So if a player is dissatisfied with his cards, his pupils will constrict.* Squinting of eyes indicate high concern.* Lowering of eyebrows is a sign of low confidence.* Arching of eyebrows is a good indication of positive feelings.Pacifying BehavioursThese are the least reliable because most of the pacifying behaviours are just indicators of soothing oneself or discomfort at the maximum. Pacifying behaviours are done by players who are bluffing or players who are not. Hence, it moldiness not be used in isolation and using them with other tells is the right way to go. * trace the neck in the front and the back, exhaling through puffed cheeks and touching the face, forehead rubbing and earlobe pulling, air ventilating to the neck are good signs distress and pacifying.* Women will check the dimple on the neck when they are highly stressed or are fearful. Playing with a necklace or any neck jewellery is indicative of the same. Men will adjust their tie knots.Common Mistakes while Reading People1. not establishing baselinesThis is the most common mistake people do while reading people. Baselines are crucial in the field of body language. A person who usually bites his nails or bites his lips on a poker table will probably do the same, hence, must not be mistaken for weak hand or stress setting or low confidence. Hence, before reading any person a baseline must be established.2. Reading tells in isolationAnother mistake people do reading tells in is olation. You cannot expect a tell to occur in a person nor can you read a tell in isolation like biting lips. It should be congruent with whats happening on the table and in reaction to what others are doing. In other words, you must ask yourself what was the motivation behind him giving away a particular tell.3. Reading is not an exact science iodin of the essential skills in poker is reading your opponent but there are other aspects to the game like game theory, probability which has to be taken to account. Reading should always be used as one of your tools in making your decisions at a poker table.REFERENCES1. Body Language How to Read Others Thoughts by Their Gestures. AllanPease. 1988. Sheldon Press 2. http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-body-language.htm3. Body Language. Julius Fast (1971). Pocket Books.4. Unmasking the Face A Guide to recognizing emotions from Facial Expressions. capital of Minnesota Ekman and Wallace V. Freisen (2003). 5. Secret of No Limit Holdem An ultimate g uide to all-in texas holdem poker. Howard Lederer. 6. Readem and line A Career FBI Agents Guide to Decoding Poker Tells. Joe Navarro and Marvin Karlins.